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When a reporter places inside quotation marks one or two words used by the speaker in an ordinary way, that is called
a. an orphan quotation.
b. an echo quotation.
c. a direct quotation.
d. an indirect quotation.
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The most effective way to use quotations in a news story is to
a. paraphrase almost everything the speaker says.
b. combine quotations and paraphrases in a pleasing manner.
c. to quote exactly almost everything the speaker says.
d. use only those quotations that are unlikely to arouse anger or emotion in readers.
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Which of the following is NOT a good reason for using a direct quotation?
a. The quotation ties a controversial statement to the source.
b. The speaker says something with unusual emotion, wit, rhythm or color.
c. The editor tells you to have at least five quotations in every story.
d. The quotation reveals something of the speaker's character.
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Reporters should use indirect quotations whenever the speaker
a. says something short and packed with emotion.
b. says something in a way no one else would.
c. is someone important and you don't want to make him or her angry.
d. says something newsworthy in an unremarkable way.
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In general, partial or fragmentary quotations
a. can be used without attribution.
b. should be turned into paraphrases.
c. are an effective way of spicing up a story.
d. adequately compensate for the failure to get full quotations.
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The best way to make sure readers will be able to understand the direct quotations used in a story is to
a. insert a lot of parenthetical information to explain unclear portions of the quotation.
b. report the question the reporter asked along with the quoted answer from the source.
c. add explanatory information after the quotation with a “said-of” construction.
d. blend quotation and narrative so that readers have enough information to understand each quotation as it is presented.
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If a source's direct quotation contains an error of grammar, the appropriate thing for the reporter to do is
a. use the quotation if it is newsworthy and interesting but correct the grammar.
b. omit the quotation even if it is newsworthy and interesting.
c. use the quotation if it is newsworthy and interesting without correcting the grammar.
d. paraphrase the quotation without correcting the grammar.
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The policy most news organizations use on whether to publish the profanities sources may use is
a. to delete them.
b. to keep them in the story because profanities are so common in everyday life.
c. to keep them in the story because they are common on television and in the movies.
d. to replace them with less offensive words.
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Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for attributing information to a source?
a. It helps readers evaluate the credibility of the information.
b. It obscures the responsibility of reporters for the facts in the story.
c. It allows reporters to connect controversial statements to the person who made them.
d. It enables readers to know from whom the reporters obtained their information.
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Which of the following is among the kinds of statements that do NOT need attribution?
a. Statements of opinion.
b. Statements of fact that are controversial.
c. Descriptions of events the reporter has not witnessed.
d. Descriptions of events the reporter has personally witnessed.
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Which of the following best describes how frequently attribution should be used in direct and indirect quotations?
a. One attribution for every sentence of direct quotation, and one attribution for every paragraph of indirect quotation, no matter how long.
b. One attribution for every sentence of direct quotation, and one attribution for every sentence of indirect quotation.
c. One attribution for every direct quotation, no matter how long, and one attribution for every sentence of indirect quotation.
d. One attribution for every direct quotation, no matter how long, and one attribution for every paragraph of indirect quotation, no matter how long.
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A direct quotation that lacks clear attribution to a speaker is called
a. a floating quotation.
b. a direct quotation.
c. an off-the-record quotation.
d. an obvious quotation.
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The best place to put the attribution for a direct quotation usually is
a. at the very beginning of the quotation.
b. at the first natural break in the first sentence of the quotation.
c. at the very end of the quotation.
d. after the first four words of the quotation, no matter how that affects the flow of the sentence.
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Which of the following best describes how to use anonymous sources?
a. Use them to provide facts that are essential to the story and cannot be obtained elsewhere.
b. Use them to launch personal attacks on other people.
c. Use them to provide colorful details, even if they are not essential to the story.
d. Use them to impress readers with how well connected you are as a reporter.
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When reporting statements made by public officials, business executives or organization leaders, the speakers should be identified by
a. name alone.
b. name and home address.
c. name, title and organization.
d. title and organization alone.
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A passage of direct quotation should be enclosed in
a. single quotation marks no matter whether it is a full sentence.
b. double quotation marks if it is a full sentence.
c. single quotation marks if it is less than a full sentence.
d. double quotation marks no matter whether it is a full sentence.
