The Renaissance and Reformation

Description

At first glance, the Renaissance and the Reformation--two movements (one cultural, one religious) that defined Europe from 1400 to 1600--may appear to be polar opposites. The Renaissance found scholars and artists celebrating the beauty and splendor of the material world, while the Reformation saw Protestant and Catholic religious leaders and their followers focusing on eternal salvation. However, there were actually striking similarities between these two worlds. For instance, while both Renaissance artists and Reformation pastors originally desired a return to a "golden age" of the past, they both ended up creating something very new instead.

In The Renaissance and Reformation, Merry Wiesner-Hanks allows the historical participants to tell their own stories. She presents a mix of visual sources and written documents not only from learned scholars, trained artists, university-educated religious reformers, and powerful political leaders--but also from more ordinary men and women. Leonardo da Vinci considers the merits of painting versus poetry in his notebook, while the Italian diplomat Baldassar Castiglione recommends the pastime of music-making to gentlemen in his book The Courtier. A group of small-time investors signs a contract for a trading venture from Genoa to Corsica and Sardinia, and a wealthy Florentine widow writes a letter to her son, weighing his ability to start a new business. A picture essay uses individual and family portraits to discuss ideas about personality, temperament, and "genius"; social differences in marital patterns; and changes in family relationships. Wiesner-Hanks places events in Europe in a global context, allowing readers to examine the ways in which they were related to the voyages of exploration.

Table of Contents

What Is a Document?
How to Read a Document

Introduction: Re-births and Reformations
Note on Sources and Interpretation

Chapter 1: The Tumultuous Late Middle Ages
The Black Death
Reactions and Explanations
Religion and the Plague
Economic and Social Effects
War and Revolts

Chapter 2: The Past and the Perfect
Florence, A City of Gold
The Glories and Perils of Poetry
Fame and the Renaissance Man
Perfect Gentlemen, Perfect Ladies
A Perfect Prince or a Perfect Tyrant?

Chapter 3: The Glory of the World
The Book of Nature
Nature vs. Art
Painters, Poets, and Nature
The Artist as Poet
Fleeting Life, Fleeting Love
Music to Charm the Soul
Messages from the Stars

Chapter 4: Picture Essay: The Individual and the Family

Chapter 5: Merchants and Master Craftsmen
The Commercial Revolution
Families and Fortunes
Merchants and Morality
Jews in Renaissance Cities
Clothing and Capitalism
Craft Guilds

Chapter 6: Religious Reform and Renewal
Prayer, Pilgrimages, and Penance
The Power of the Pope
Calls for Reform
Reform Becomes Reformation
The Catholic Response

Chapter 7: Radical Hopes, Popular Protests, and Mystical Visions
Church and State
Martyrs and Enemies
The Peasants' War
A Mystic Reformer

Chapter 8: A New Moral Order
Calvin's Geneva
Marriage and the Reformation
Preaching and Teaching
Were the Reformers Successful?

Chapter 9: Global Connections and Challenges
Spices from the Indies
The Voyages of Columbus
The Impact of European Voyages in America and Africa
European Thinking about the Americas

Timeline
Further Reading
Websites
Text Credits
Picture Credits
Index