The Engineering of Chemical Reactions

Description

Thoroughly revised and updated in this second edition, The Engineering of Chemical Reactions focuses explicitly on developing the skills necessary to design a chemical reactor for any application, including chemical production, materials processing, and environmental modeling. This edition also features two new chapters on biological and environmental reaction engineering that provide an exciting introduction to these increasingly important areas of today's chemical engineering market.

Streamlined to enhance the logical flow of the subject, The Engineering of Chemical Reactions, 2/e, is easy for instructors to navigate and students to follow. Using real reactions from chemical engineering, the first seven chapters cover such fundamentals as multiple reactions, energy management, and catalytic processes. The final five chapters explore more advanced topics including environmental, polymer, solids processing, biological, and combustion reactions. Practical, real-world examples throughout the text consider reactor and process choices in ways that encourage students to think creatively and build on previous knowledge.

The Engineering of Chemical Reactions, 2/e, is ideal for upper-level undergraduate courses in chemical reactor engineering, chemical reactor design, and kinetics.

Table of Contents

Each Chapter ends with Problems. Most chapters end with References.
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
PART I: FUNDAMENTALS
1. Introduction
1.1. Chemical Reactors
1.2. Chemical Reaction Engineering
1.3. What Do We Need To Know?
1.4. Industrial Processes
1.5. Modeling
1.6. Sources
2. Reaction Rates, The Batch Reactor, and The Real World
2.1. Chemical Reactions
2.2. Multiple Reactions
2.3. Reaction Rates
2.4. Approximate Reactions
2.5. Rate Coefficients
2.6. Elementary Reactions
2.7. Stoichiometry
2.8. Reaction Rates Near Equilibrium
2.9. Reactor Mass Balances
2.10. The Batch Reactor
2.11. Variable Density
2.12. Chemical Reactors
2.13. Thermodynamics and Reactors
2.14. Adiabatic Reactor Temperature
2.15. Chemical Equilibrium
2.16. Petroleum Refining
2.17. Polyester from Refinery Products and Natural Gas
2.18. "What Should I Do When I Don't Have Reaction Rates?"
2.19. Reaction-Rate Data
2.20. Summary
3. Single Reactions in Continuous Isothermal Reactors
3.1. Continuous Reactors
3.2. The Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
3.3. Conversion in a Constant-Density CSTR
3.4. The Plug-Flow Tubular Reactor
3.5. Conversion in a Constant-Density PFTR
3.6. Comparison Between Batch, CSTR, and PFTR
3.7. The 1/r Plot
3.8. Semibatch Reactors
3.9. Variable-Density Reactors
3.10. Space Velocity and Space Time
3.11. Chemical Reactors in a Series
3.12. Autocatalytic Reactions
3.13. Reversible Reactions
3.14. Transients in Continuous Reactions
3.15. Some Important Single-Reaction Processes: Alkane Activation
3.16. Synthesis Gas Reactions
3.17. Staged Reactors
3.18. The Major Chemical Companies
3.19. Reactor Design for a Single Reaction
3.20. Notation
4. Multiple Reactions in Continuous Reactors
4.1. Some Important Industrial Chemical Processes
4.2. The Petrochemical Industry
4.3. Olefins
4.4. Mass Balances
4.5. Conversion, Selectivity, and Yield
4.6. Complex Reaction Networks
4.7. Series Reactions
4.8. Parallel Reactions
4.9. Multiple Reactions with Variable Density
4.10. Real Reaction Systems and Modeling
4.11. Approximate Rate Expressions for Multiple-Reaction Systems
4.12. Simplified Reactions
4.13. Reaction Mechanisms
4.14. Collision Theory of Bimolecular Reactions
4.15. Activated Complex Theory
4.16. Designing Reactors for Multiple Reactions
5. Nonisothermal Reactors
5.1. Heat Generation and Removal
5.2. Energy Balance in a CSTR
5.3. Energy Balance in a PFTR
5.4. Equations to be Solved
5.5. Heat Removal or Addition to Maintain a Reactor Isothermal
5.6. Adiabatic Reactors
5.7. Trajectories and Phase-Plane Plots
5.8. Trajectories of Wall-Cooled Reactors
5.9. Exothermic Versus Endothermic Reactions
5.10. Other Tubular Reactor Configurations
5.11. Temperature Profile in a Packed Bed
6. Multiple Steady States and Transients
6.1. Heat Generation and Removal in a CSTR
6.2. Adiabatic CSTR
6.3. Stability of Steady States in a CSTR
6.4. Observation of Multiple Steady States
6.5. Transients in the CSTR with Multiple Steady States
6.6. Other Reactions in a CSTR
6.7. Variable Coolant Temperature in a CSTR
6.8. Designing Reactors for Energy Management
7. Catalytic Reactors and Mass Transfer
7.1. Catalytic Reactions
7.2. Catalytic Reactors
7.3. Surface and Enzyme Reaction Rates
7.4. Porous Catalysts
7.5. Transport and Reactions
7.6. Mass Transfer Coefficients
7.7. External Mass Transfer
7.8. Pore Diffusion
7.9. Temperature Dependence of Catalytic Reaction Rates
7.10. The Automotive Catalytic Converter
7.11. The Catalytic Wall Reactor
7.12. Langmuir-Hinshelwood Kinetics
7.13. Summary of Surface Reaction Kinetics
7.14. Designing Catalytic Reactors
7.15. Electrochemical Reactors
7.16. Real Catalytic Reactors
7.17. Bioreactors
7.18. The Human Reactor
PART II: APPLICATIONS
8. Nonideal Chemical Reactions
8.1. The "Complete" Equations
8.2. Reactor Mass and Energy Balances
8.3. Residence Time Distribution
8.4. Laminar Flow Tubular Reactors
8.5. Dispersion in Tubular Reactors
8.6. Recycle Reactors
8.7. CSTRs in Series
8.8. Diagnosing Reactors
8.9. Summary
9. Reactions of Solids
9.1. Reactions Involving Solids
9.2. Chemical Vapor Deposition and Reactive Etching
9.3. Solids Reactors
9.4. Reaction Rates of Solids
9.5. Films, Spheres, and Cylinders
9.6. Macroscopic and Microscopic Solids
9.7. Dissolving and Growing Films
9.8. Dissolving and Growing Spheres
9.9. Diffusion Through Solid Films
9.10. Transformation of Spheres
9.11. Mass Balances in Solid and Continuous Phases
9.12. Electrical Analogy
9.13. Summary
10. Chain Reactions, Combustion Reactors, and Safety
10.1. Chain Reactions
10.2. Characteristics of Chain Reactions
10.3. Autooxidation and Lab Safety
10.4. Chemical Synthesis and Autooxidation
10.5. Combustion
10.6. Hydrogen Oxodation
10.7. Chain Branching Reactions
10.8. Alkane Oxidation
10.9. Thermal Ignition
10.10. Thermal and Chemical Autocatalysis
10.11. Premixed Flames
10.12. Diffusion Flames
10.13. Energy Generation
10.14. Combustion of Liquids and Solids
10.15. Solid and Liquid Explosives
10.16. Explosions and Detonations
10.17. Reactor Safety
10.18. Summary
11. Polymerization Reactions and Reactors
11.1. Ideal Addition Polymerization
11.2. Polyolefins
11.3. Free-Radical Polymerization
11.4. Catalytic Polymerization
11.5. Condensation Polymerization
11.6. Fischer Tropsch Polymerization
11.7. Polymerization Reactors
11.8. Forming Polymers
11.9. Integrated Polymer Processing
11.10. Crystallization
12. Biological Reaction Engineering
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Biological Molecules
12.3. Cells
12.4. Origins and Changes in Living Systems
12.5. Bioenergy and Metabolic Pathways
12.6. Measurements in Biological Systems
12.7. Rates and Kinetics of Biological Processes
12.8. Biochemical Engineering
12.9. Chemically Synthesized Biological Molecules
12.10. Economics of Bioprocesses
12.11. Biological Reactors
12.12. Summary
13. Environmental Reaction Engineering
13.1. Only Chemical Engineers Can Solve Environmental Problems
13.2. Green Chemistry
13.3. Renewable Chemical Resources
13.4. Regulations
13.5. Accidents
13.6. Waste Treatment
13.7. Modeling the Environment
13.8. Ecological Modeling
13.9. Summary
14. Multiphase Reactors
14.1. Types of Multiphase Reactors
14.2. Mass Transfer Reactors
14.3. Mass Balance Equations
14.4. Interfacial Surface Area
14.5. Mass Transfer Between Phases
14.6. Multiphase Reactor Equations
14.7. Equilibrium Between Phases
14.8. Membrane Reactors
14.9. Falling Film Reactor
14.10. Bubble Column Reactors
14.11. Falling Film Catalytic Wall Reactor
14.12. Trickle Bed Reactor
14.13. Multiphase Reactors with Catalysts
14.14. Other Multiphase Reactors
14.15. Analysis of Multiphase Reactors
14.16. Reactor-Separation Integration
14.17. Catalytic Distillation
14.18. Chromatographic Reactors
14.19. Iron Ore Refining
14.20. The Petroleum Refinery
14.21. Summary
Appendix A: Integrating Differential Equations
Appendix B: Notation
Appendix C: Conversion Factors
Index