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Question 1

Which statement about the process of drug discovery is true?

a) It only encompasses the non-clinical laboratory and animal testing.

b) It is the process which ascertains the effectiveness and safety of potential drug candidates.

c) It is the process by which therapeutic compounds are formulated into medicines.

d) It ensures there are no side-effects associated with the potential drug candidates.

Question 2

What are the protein structures called that are expressed within the cell membranes and interact with endogenous signalling molecules or some drugs to initiate an intracellular response?

a) Enzymes

b) Hormones

c) Ligands

d) Receptors

Question 3

What are metabolic disorders?

a) They are abnormalities in the sequence of reactions involved in metabolising nutrients that are manifested in clinical symptoms.

b) They are disorders that result in the production of insufficient amounts of energy to meet the needs of the body.

c) They are disturbances in the balance of energy spent by the body on internal and external processes.

d) They are clinical symptoms that arise due to changes in individuals' basal metabolic rates as a result of genetic factors.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a means of communication in eukaryotic cells?

a) Exchange of endogenous molecules via gap junctions.

b) Exchange of nuclear material across the cell membrane.

c) Secretion of hormones into the circulatory system.

d) Secretion of neurotransmitters into synaptic clefts.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a type of cellular receptor?

a) Tyrosine kinase receptor

b) G-protein coupled receptor

c) Endocrine receptors

d) Intracellular/nuclear receptor.

Question 6

What are adverse drug reactions (ADRs)?

a) The synergistic effects that are seen when some drugs are administered concurrently.

b) Responses to increased drug doses required to achieve the same physiological outcome.

c) Unintended alternative physiological responses caused by the drug that cause harm to the patient.

d) Harmful chemical interactions between two drugs that are used to treat the same clinical symptoms.

Question 7

Which statement about partial agonists is true?

a) Partial agonists are molecules that can always cause a maximal response irrespective of the presence of antagonists.

b) Partial agonists are molecules that have affinity toward the target receptor but no efficacy.

c) Partial agonists are molecules that have affinity and efficacy toward the target receptor.

d) Partial agonists are molecules that have an agonistic effect on the receptor, but only ever achieve a submaximal response.

Question 8

In pharmacokinetics what does the acronym ADME stand for?

a) Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion

b) Administration, Differentiation, Metabolism, and Excretion

c) Absorption, Disintegration, Metabolism, and Efficacy

d) Administration, Distribution, Metabolism, and Efficacy

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct definition of bioavailability?

a) Bioavailability describes the proportion of the drug administered that is metabolised very quickly and thus is not available to induce a physiological effect.

b) Bioavailability describes the ability of the administered drug metabolites to cause undesirable physiological effects.

c) Bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of the dose of drug administered that is present within the body and facilitates the desired physiological effects.

d) Bioavailability is the length of time an administered drug is present in the body and thus is available to cause a physiological effect.

Question 10

Given the information shown in the figure below, which of the following statements is correct?

a) Drug A has the most appropriate pharmacodynamic properties of the three drugs shown as it reaches maximal efficacy within the therapeutic window.

b) Drug B has the most appropriate pharmacodynamic properties of the three drugs shown as a range of its plasma concentrations are within the therapeutic window.

c) Drug C has the most appropriate pharmacodynamic properties of the three drugs shown as non-toxic effects are achieved within the therapeutic window.

d) All three drugs have appropriate pharmacodynamic properties as they all achieve maximal physiological effects and have concentrations within the therapeutic window.

Gaskell & Rostron: Therapeutics and Human Physiology

Chapter 1: Multiple choice questions

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