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Question 1

In muscle, the first product generated in the breakdown of glycogen is

a) maltose

b) glucose

c) glucose 6-phosphate

d) glucose 1-phosphate

e) UDP- glucose

Question 2

Lactate is produced in muscle tissue during anaerobic exercise

a) to lower the pH of muscle tissue

b) to reoxidise NADH to allow glycolysis to continue

c) to remove 3-carbon fragments to allow glycolysis to continue

d) to provide a substrate for lactate dehydrogenase in the muscle

e) to provide a substrate for gluconeogenesis in the muscle

Question 3

The term 'β-oxidation' refers to the following process:

a) the breakdown of triglycerides to fatty acids

b) the breakdown of fatty acids to acetyl CoA

c) the breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl CoA

d) the breakdown of acetyl CoA to CO₂

e) the breakdown of 2-oxo glutarate to succinyl CoA

Question 4

Non-esterified ('free') fatty acids found in the plasma are derived from

a) A high intake of ketogenic amino acids in the diet

b) Hydrolysis of dietary fat in the intestine

c) Hydrolysis of stored fat in the adipose tissue

d) Fatty acid synthesis in the liver

e) Condensation of ketone bodies in the liver

Question 5

Carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPTI) is responsible for carrying

a) ketone bodies into mitochondria

b) long chain fatty acids (C16/C18) into mitochondria

c) medium chain fatty acids (C8/C10) into mitochondria

d) acetyl groups out of mitochondria

e) malonyl CoA out of mitochondria

Question 6

The metabolism of ethanol

a) Takes place in the erythrocytes

b) Leads to the generation of carbon units for gluconeogenesis

c) Generates the toxic compound, oxalic acid

d) Generates the toxic compound, ethanal (acetaldehyde)

e) Leads to hyperoxidation of the NAD⁺ pool inside cells

Question 7

During oxidation of NADH by the mitochondrial electron transfer chain

a) The mitochondrion pumps protons (H⁺) from the cytoplasmic side of the membrane to the inside (matrix) of the mitochondrion

b) The mitochondrion pumps protons (H⁺) from the inside (matrix) to the cytoplasmic side of the membrane

c) The mitochondrion pumps electrons (e^-) from the cytoplasmic side of the membrane to the inside (matrix) of the mitochondrion

d) The mitochondrion pumps electrons (e^-) from the inside (matrix) to the cytoplasmic side of the membrane

e) The ATP synthase pumps protons (H⁺) from the inside (matrix) to the cytoplasmic side of the membrane

Question 8

Transamination of which of the following amino acids gives rise directly to one of the intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle?

a) glycine

b) alanine

c) glutamate

d) arginine

e) tyrosine

Question 9

In the oxidative phosphorylation system in mitochondria, match the components with their properties

Cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV)
ATP synthase (complex V)
Succinate ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex II)
Ubiquinol cytochrome c oxidoreductase
Cytochrome c

Question 10

The tricarboxylic acid cycle serves in energy generation, but also as a hub for metabolism in general. Match the TCA cycle intermediates with their function in other pathways.

acetyl CoA
citrate
oxaloacetate
malate
fumarate

Cox, Harris, & Pears: Thrive in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Chapter 05

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