Urban Health

Edited by Sandro Galea, Catherine K. Ettman, and David Vlahov

The most comprehensive text available on the subject of urban health and the impact of urban exposures on human health and longevity
With two-thirds of global population likely to live in a city by 2030, this book codifies the best knowledge on a topic of vital and urgent relevance
Includes discussions of the core features that drive health in cities, with a discipline-based approach that spans social sciences and urban planning
Presents case studies illustrating how cities around the world shape population health
An ideal core text for courses in public health, global health, epidemiology, social work, medicine, and social science

Urban Health

Edited by Sandro Galea, Catherine K. Ettman, and David Vlahov

Description

An essential collection that advances our understanding of how cities influence our health

More than half the world's population lives in cities — a figure that will grow to two-thirds by 2030. As global populations rapidly consolidate around urban centers, the scientific understanding of what this means for human health faces a new and greater urgency.

Urban Health connects urban exposures — the experiences, choices, and behaviors shaped by living in a city — to their impact on population health. By using the ubiquitous aspects of the urban experience as a lens to study these exposures across borders and demographics, it offers a new, scalable framework for understanding health and disease. Its applications to public health, epidemiology, and social science are virtually unlimited.

Enriched with case studies that consider the state of health in cities all over the world, this book does more than capture the state of a nascent field; it holds a critical mirror to itself, considering the next decade and arming a new generation with the tools for research and practice.

Urban Health

Edited by Sandro Galea, Catherine K. Ettman, and David Vlahov

Contributors
Foreword
SECTION 1: Why cities, why health
1. The present and future of cities
Sandro Galea, Catherine K. Ettman, David Vlahov
2. Why cities and health? Cities as a determinant of health
Catherine K. Ettman, David Vlahov, Sandro Galea
SECTION 2: Health challenges and opportunities in cities
3. Economic conditions
Atheendar S. Venkataramani, Alexander C. Tsai
4. Reducing poverty, improving health
Sanjay Basu
5. Housing
Roshanak Mehdipanah, Alexa K. Eisenberg, Amy J. Schulz
6. Transportation
Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Haneen Khreis
7. Aging populations
Kathleen A. Cagney
8. Children and adolescents in cities
Shakira F. Suglia
9. Inequities in cities and in urban health
Ben Brisbois, Patricia O'Campo, Janisha Kamalanathan
10. Migration
Sabrina Hermosilla, Tahilia J. Rebello
11. Education
Jennifer Karas Montez, Amy Ellen Schwartz
12. Healthy places to play, learn, and develop
Renée Boynton-Jarrett
13. Pollution
Jonathan M. Samet
14. Climate change and the health of urban populations
Patrick L. Kinney
15. Crime and criminal justice in cities
Matt Vogel, Steven F. Messner
16. Improving access to healthy food in cities
Monica L. Wang, Marisa Otis
17. Disasters
James M. Shultz
SECTION 3: Methods and approaches to understanding health in cities
18. History
Richard Rodger
19. A systems science approach to urban health
Danielle C. Ompad, Yesim Tozan
20. Sociology
Lei Jin, Eric Fong, Chenyu Ye
21.Urban planning: leveraging the urban planning system to shape healthy cities
Helen Pineo, Nici Zimmermann, Mike Davies
22. Health services research: studying health care services in the city
Michael K. Gusmano
23. Environmental Health Impact Assessment
Carlos Dora
24. Multi-level perspectives on urban health
Dustin T. Duncan, Yazan A. Al-Ajlouni, Ilgaz Hisirci, Basile Chaix
25. Cells-to-society approaches
Guia Guffanti
26. Social networks
Abby E. Rudolph
27. Urban design
Oliver Gruebner, Layla McCay
28. Urban land use and health
Rohan Simkin, Karen C. Seto
29. Community-based participatory research: an approach to research in the urban context
Barbara A. Israel, Amy J. Schulz, Chris M. Coombe, Edith A. Parker, Angela G. Reyes, Zachary Rowe, Richard L. Lichtenstein
SECTION 4: Case studies in urban health
30. The Healthy Cities movement
Agis D. Tsouros
31. The Partnership for Healthy Cities: activating urban governments as engines of public health practice
Ariella Rojhani, Charity Hung, Sally Chew, Christina Honeysett, Sandra Mullin, Adam Karpati
32. CityHealth: policies for today's urban health challenges
Brian C. Castrucci, Elizabeth A. Corcoran, Shelley L. Hearne, Katie Keith, Elizabeth Voyles, Catherine Patterson
33. New York City: the Fit City example
Karen Lee
34. Boston, a case study
Russ Lopez
35. Richmond, CA: health equity in all urban policies
Jason Corburn, Joseph S. Griffin
36. Case studies in urban health: Nairobi, Kenya
Alex Ezeh, Blessing Mberu
37. Observatory for urban health in Belo Horizonte City: an innovative and cross-sectoral collaboration in urban health
Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa, Amélia Augusta de Lima Friche
38. Rapid urbanization in China
Brian J. Hall, Teng Ieng Leong, Wen Chen
39. Regional planning for health
David Siscovick, Mandu Sen, Chris Jones
40. Going biophilic, living and working in biophilic buildings
Jie Yin, John D. Spengler
SECTION 5: The future of cities, the future of health
41. City health departments: leading urban public health practice
Daniel Kass, Thomas Matte, Adam Karpati
42. City leadership for health, equity, and sustainable development
Agis D. Tsouros
43. Teaching urban health
Nicholas Freudenberg
44. Urban health: looking to the future
David Vlahov, Catherine K. Ettman, Sandro Galea
Index

Urban Health

Edited by Sandro Galea, Catherine K. Ettman, and David Vlahov

Author Information

Edited by Sandro Galea, Robert A. Knox Professor and Dean, Boston University School of Public Health, Edited by Catherine K. Ettman, Chief of Staff, Boston University School of Public Health, and Edited by David Vlahov, Professor and Associate Dean for Research, Yale University School of Nursing

Sandro Galea is Robert A. Knox Professor and Dean of the School of Public Health at Boston University. He is a past president of the Society for Epidemiologic Research and of the Interdisciplinary Society for Population Health Science, chair-elect of the board of the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health, and is an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine. Catherine K. Ettman is Chief of Staff at the Boston University School of Public Health and a doctoral student at the Brown University School of Public Health. She is interested in the non-health policies that shape health in urban areas. David Vlahov is Professor and Associate Dean for Research at the School of Nursing at Yale University. He is former Dean of the University of California School of Nursing, founding president of the International Society for Urban Health, editor of the Journal of Urban Health, and is an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine.

Contributors:

Yazan A. Al-Ajlouni, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY.

Amélia Augusta de Lima Friche, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Sanjay Basu, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.

Renée Boynton-Jarrett, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA.

Ben Brisbois, School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada.

Kathleen A. Cagney, Population Research Center, University of Chicago, Chicago IL.

Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, and Observatory for Urban Health, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Brian C. Castrucci, de Beaumont Foundation, Bethesda, MD.

Basile Chaix, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, Paris, France.

Wen Chen, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Sally Chew, Vital Strategies, New York, NY.

Chris M. Coombe, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

Jason Corburn, College of Environmental Design, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.

Elizabeth A. Corcoran, de Beaumont Foundation, Bethesda, MD.

Mike Davies, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, UK.

Carlos Dora, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, and World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

Dustin T. Duncan, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY.

Alexa K. Eisenberg, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

Catherine K. Ettman, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, and School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI.

Alex Ezeh, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, and School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Nicholas Freudenberg, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY.

Eric Fong, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.

Sandro Galea, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA.

Joseph S. Griffin, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.

Oliver Gruebner, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Guia Guffanti, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA.

Michael K. Gusmano, School of Public Health, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway Township, NJ.

Brian J. Hall, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.

Shelley L. Hearne, CityHealth, Bethesda, MD.

Sabrina Hermosilla, Columbia University, New York, NY.

Ilgaz Hisirci, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY.

Christina Honeysett, Vital Strategies, New York, NY.

Charity Hung, Vital Strategies, New York, NY.

Barbara A. Israel, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

Lei Jin, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.

Chis Jones, Regional Plan Association, New York, NY.

Janisha Kamalanathan, Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.

Adam Karpati, Vital Strategies, New York, NY.

Daniel Kass, Vital Strategies, New York, NY.

Katie Keith, CityHealth, Bethesda, MD.

Haneen Khreis, Center for Advancing Research in Transport Emissions, Energy, and Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.

Patrick L. Kinney, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA.

Karen Lee, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.

Teng Ieng Leong, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.

Richard L. Lichtenstein, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

Russ Lopez, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.

Thomas Matte, Vital Strategies, New York, NY.

Blessing Mberu, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.

Layla McCay, Centre for Urban Design and Mental Health, London, UK.

Roshanak Mehdipanah, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

Steven F. Messner, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY.

Jennifer Karas Montez, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY.

Sandra Mullin, Vital Strategies, New York, NY.

Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain.

Patricia O'Campo, Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Danielle C. Ompad, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY.

Marisa Otis, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA.

Edith A. Parker, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.

Catherine Patterson, de Beaumont Foundation, Bethesda, MD.

Helen Pineo, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, UK.

Tahilia J. Rebello, Global Mental Health Program, Columbia University, New York, NY.

Angela G. Reyes, Detroit Hispanic Development Corporation, Detroit, MI.

Richard Rodger, School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

Ariella Rojhani, Vital Strategies, New York, NY.

Zachary Rowe, Friends of Parkside, Detroit, MI.

Abby E. Rudolph, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.

Jonathan M. Samet, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Colorado State University, and University of Northern Colorado, Aurora, CO.

Amy J. Schulz, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

Amy Ellen Schwartz, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY.

Mandu Sen, Regional Plan Association, New York, NY.

Karen C. Seto, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT.

James M. Shultz, Center for Disaster and Extreme Event Preparedness (DEEP Center), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL.

Rohan Simkin, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT.

David Siscovick, The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY.

John D. Spengler, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.

Shakira F. Suglia, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.

Yesim Tozan, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY.

Alexander C. Tsai, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.

Agis D. Tsouros, Imperial College London, Institute of Global Health Innovation, London, UK.

Atheendar S. Venkataramani, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

David Vlahov, School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, CT.

Matt Vogel, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO.

Elizabeth Voyles, CityHealth, Bethesda, MD.

Monica L. Wang, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA.

Chenyu Ye, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.

Jie Yin, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.

Nici Zimmermann, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, Faculty of the Built Environment, University College London, London, UK.

Urban Health

Edited by Sandro Galea, Catherine K. Ettman, and David Vlahov

Reviews and Awards

Winner of the 2020 Prose Award for Excellence in Nursing & Allied Health (including Social Work) by the Association of American Publishers
Awarded first place in the 2019 AJN Book of the Year Award in Environmental Health