List of Figures, Tables, and Boxes
Preface

CHAPTER 1. Meaning: Varieties, Aspects, and Sources
1.1. Some Varieties of Meaning
1.2. Eleven Aspects of Communicative Meaning
1.3. Where Does Linguistic Meaning Come from?
1.4. What Is Language?
1.5. Philosophy and Other Approaches to Language
1.6. Study Questions and Suggestions for Further Reading

CHAPTER 2. Characterizing Linguistic Meaning
2.1. Constraints on Characterization
2.2. Dictionaries
2.3. Ideas
2.4. Verification Conditions
2.5. Usage, Emotivism, and the Autonomy of Meaning
2.6. Study Questions and Suggestions for Further Reading

CHAPTER 3. Linguistic Meaning and Truth Conditions
3.1. Speaking of Nothing
3.2. Quantifiers and Other Logical Constants
3.3. Descriptions
3.4. Truth-Conditional Semantics and Linguistic Meaning
3.5. Study Questions and Suggestions for Further Reading

CHAPTER 4. Sense and Reference
4.1. Millian Heirs: The Theory of Direct Reference
4.2. Making Sense
4.3. Objections to the Descriptive Theory of Names
4.4. Direct Reference Returns, and Some Nihilism
4.5. The New Fregeans
4.6. Study Questions and Suggestions for Further Reading

CHAPTER 5. Speech Acts and Conversations
5.1. Locution, Illocution, Perlocution
5.2. Speaker Meaning
5.3. Varieties of Speech Acts and Conversations
5.4. Infelicities: Misfires and Abuses
5.5. Indirect Speech Acts
5.6. Study Questions and Suggestions for Further Reading

CHAPTER 6. Context Sensitivity, Implicature, and Presupposition
6.1. Indexicals: Character and Content
6.2. Implicature: Conventional, Conversational, and Beyond
6.3. Presupposition: Semantic and Pragmatic
6.4. Explicature
6.5. Study Questions and Suggestions for Further Reading

CHAPTER 7. Despicable Discourse
7.1. Injustice and Malfeasance in Language
7.2. Slurs and Epithets
7.3. Generics
7.4. Silencing, Distorting, and Subordinating
7.5. Paths to Amelioration
7.6. Study Questions and Suggestions for Further Reading

CHAPTER 8. Artful Language: Fiction, Metaphor, Irony, and Jokes
8.1. Fictional Discourse
8.2. Similes and Metaphors
8.3. Irony
8.4. Jokes
8.5. Study Questions and Suggestions for Further Reading

Appendix: Eleven Features of Communicative Meaning

Glossary
Index
Contents ix