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The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health

Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link

Oxford Library of Psychology

One of the first books to comprehensively address the impact of stigma on physical health
Demonstrates the critical importance of social science in understanding health and health disparities
Distinguished by its focus on how stigma influences health at multiple levels of analysis and influence

The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health

Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link

Description

Stigma leads to poorer health. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link, The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health provides compelling evidence from various disciplines in support of this thesis and explains how and why health disparities exist and persist.

Stigmatization involves distinguishing people by a socially conferred "mark," seeing them as deviant, and devaluing and socially excluding them. The core insight of this book is that the social processes of stigma reliably translate into the biology of disease and death. Contributors elucidate this insight by showing exactly how stigma negatively affects health and creates health disparities through multiple mechanisms operating at different levels of influence.

Understanding the causes and consequences of health disparities requires a multi-level analysis that considers structural forces, psychological processes, and biological mechanisms. This volume's unique multidisciplinary approach brings together social and health psychologists, sociologists, public health scholars, and medical ethicists to comprehensively assess stigma's impact on health. It goes beyond the common practice of studying one stigmatized group at a time to examine the stigma-health link across multiple stigmatized groups. This broad, multidisciplinary framework not only illuminates the significant effects stigma has when aggregated across the health of many groups but also increases understanding of which stigma processes are general across groups and which are particular to specific groups.

Here, a compendium of leading international experts point readers toward potential policy responses and possibilities for intervention as well as to the large gaps in understanding that remain. This book is the definitive source of scholarship on stigma and physical health for established and emerging scholars, practitioners, and students in psychology, sociology, public health, medicine, law, political science, geography, and the allied disciplines.

The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health

Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link

Oxford Library of Psychology

Preface
Section I. Background
Chapter 1: Stigma and Its Implications for Health: Introduction and Overview
Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, Bruce G. Link, and Sarah K. Calabrese
Chapter 2: Physical Health Disparities and Stigma: Race, Sexual Orientation, and Body Weight
John F. Dovidio, Louis A. Penner, Sarah K. Calabrese and Rebecca L. Pearl
Chapter 3: Stigma as a Fundamental Cause of Health Inequality
Bruce G. Link, Jo C. Phelan and Mark L. Hatzenbuehler
Chapter 4: Power, Status, and Stigma: Their Implications for Health
Jeff Lucas, Hsiang-Yuan Ho and Kristin Kerns
Chapter 5: Stigma, Social Identity Threat and Health
Brenda Major and Toni Schmader
Chapter 6: Structural Stigma and Health
Mark L. Hatzenbuehler
Section II. Pathways from Stigma to Health
Chapter 7: Discriminating Ecologies: A Life History Approach to Stigma and Health
Steven L. Neuberg and Andreana C. Kenrick
Chapter 8: Segregation, Stigma, and Stratification: A Biosocial Model
Douglas S. Massey and Brandon Wagner
Chapter 9: Racial Discrimination and Racial Disparities in Health
Naomi Priest and David R. Williams
Chapter 10: Patient Stigma, Medical Interactions, and Healthcare Disparities: A Selective Review
Louis A. Penner, Sean M. Phelan, Valerie Earnshaw, Terrance L. Albrecht, and John F. Dovidio
Chapter 11: Interpersonal Discrimination and Physical Health
Laura Smart Richman, Elizabeth Pascoe, and Micah Lattanner
Chapter 12: Biopsychosocial Mechanisms Linking Discrimination to Health: A Focus on Social Cognition
Elizabeth Brondolo, Irene V. Blair, and Amandeep Kaur
Chapter 13: Neural and Cardiovascular Pathways from Stigma to Suboptimal Health
Belle Derks and Daan Scheepers
Chapter 14: Affective Reactions as Mediators of the Relationship between Stigma and Health
Wendy Berry Mendes and Keely A. Muscatell
Section III. Moderators of the Stigma-Health Relationship
Chapter 15: When Stigma is Concealable: The Costs and Benefits for Health
Diane M. Quinn
Chapter 16: Social Identity, Stigma and Health
Jolanda Jetten, S. Alexander Haslam, Tegan Cruwys and Nyla R. Branscombe
Chapter 17: Social Stigma and Health: An Identity-Based Motivation Perspective
Daphna Oyserman and Oliver Fisher
Chapter 18: Parenting as a Buffer that Deters Discrimination and Race-Related Stressors from"Getting Under the Skin": Theories, Findings, and Future Directions
Allen W. Barton and Gene H. Brody
Chapter 19: Perceived Racial Discrimination and Health Behavior: Mediation and Moderation
Frederick X. Gibbons and Michelle L. Stock
Chapter 20: Stigma, Health, and Individual Differences
Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton and Jordan B. Leitner
Section IV. Anti-Stigma Interventions
Chapter 21: Getting Underneath the Power of "Contact": Revisiting the Fundamental Lever of Stigma as a Social Network Phenomenon
Bernice A. Pescosolido and Bianca Manago
Chapter 22: Reducing Physical Illness Stigma: Insights from the Mental Illness Arena
Patrick W. Corrigan, Andrea B. Bink, and Annie Schmidt
Chapter 23: Public Health with a Punch: Fear, Stigma, and Hard-Hitting Media Campaigns
Amy Fairchild and Ron Bayer
Chapter 24: Public Health and Social Justice: An Argument Against Stigma as a Tool of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Erika Blacksher
Section V. Bi-directional Processes in Stigma and Health
Chapter 25: Stigma and the"Social Epidemic" of HIV: Understanding Bi-Directional Mechanisms of Risk and Resilience
Stephenie R. Chaudoir and Jeffrey D. Fisher
Chapter 26: Sexual Minority Stigma and Health
John E. Pachankis and David J. Lick
Chapter 27: The Negative and Bi-Directional Effects of Weight Stigma on Health
Brenda Major, A. Janet Tomiyama and Jeffrey M. Hunger
Chapter 28: Mental and Physical Health Consequences of the Stigma Associated with Mental Illness
Bruce G. Link, Jo C. Phelan and Greer Sullivan

The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health

Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link

Oxford Library of Psychology

Author Information

Edited by Brenda Major, Distinguished Professor, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Edited by John F. Dovidio, Carl Iver Hovland Professor of Psychology and Public Health, Yale University, and Edited by Bruce G. Link, Professor of Epidemiology, Columbia University

Brenda Major received her Ph.D. from Purdue University in 1998. She is currently a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Her scholarship focuses on the social psychology of stigma and inequality. Her research interests include the psychological and physiological impact of prejudice and discrimination, how cultural ideologies shape entitlement and reactions to social inequality, the social and psychological impact of increasing ethnic diversity, and the psychology of resilience.

John F. (Jack) Dovidio, who received his Ph.D. from the University of Delaware in 1977, is currently the Carl Iver Hovland Professor of Psychology and Public Health, as well as Dean of Academic Affairs of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, at Yale University. His research interests are in stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination; social power and nonverbal communication; and altruism and helping. His scholarship focuses on understanding the dynamics of intergroup relations and ways to reduce intergroup bias and conflict.

Bruce Link is Professor of Epidemiology at Columbia University. His interests are centered on topics in psychiatric and social epidemiology as they bear on policy issues. He has written on the connection between socioeconomic status and health, homelessness, violence, stigma, and discrimination. With Jo Phelan, he has advanced the theory of social conditions as fundamental causes of disease. Currently he is conducting research on the life course origins of health inequalities by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status, the consequences of social stigma for the life chances of people who are subject to stigma, and on evaluating intervention efforts aimed at reducing mental illness stigma in children attending middle school.

Contributors:

Terrence L. Albrecht
School of Medicine
Wayne State University
Detroit, MI, USA

Allen W. Barton
College of Family and Consumer Sciences
University of Georgia
Athens, GA, USA

Ron Bayer
Mailman School of Public Health
Columbia University
New York, NY, USA

Wendy Berry Mendes
Department of Psychiatry
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, CA, USA

Andrea B. Bink
College of Human Sciences
Illinois Institute of Technology
Chicago, IL, USA

Erika Blacksher
Department of Bioethics and Humanities
University of Washington
Seattle, WA, USA

Irene V. Blair
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
University of Colorado Boulder
Boulder, CO, USA

Nyla R. Branscombe
Department of Psychology
The University of Kansas
Lawrence, KS, USA

Gene H. Brody
College of Family and Consumer Sciences
University of Georgia
Athens, GA, USA

Elizabeth Brondolo
College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
St. John's University
Queens, NY, USA

Sarah K. Calabrese
Department of Psychology
The George Washington University
Washington, D.C., USA

Stephenie R. Chaudoir
Department of Psychology
College of the Holy Cross
Worcester, MA, USA

Patrick W. Corrigan
College of Human Sciences
Illinois Institute of Technology
Chicago, IL, USA

Tegan Cruwys
School of Psychology
The University of Queensland
St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia

Belle Derks
Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences
Utrecht University
Utrecht, the Netherlands

John F. Dovidio
Department of Psychology
Yale University
New Haven, CT, USA

Valerie Earnshaw
Department of Medicine Research
Boston Children's Hospital
Boston, MA, USA

Amy Fairchild
Mailman School of Public Health
Columbia University
New York, NY, USA

Oliver Fisher
Department of Psychology
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, CA, USA

Jeffrey D. Fisher
Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy
University of Connecticut
Storrs, CT, USA

Frederick X. Gibbons
Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy
University of Connecticut
Storrs, CT, USA

S. Alexander Haslam
School of Psychology
The University of Queensland
St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia

Mark L. Hatzenbuehler
Mailman School of Public Health
Columbia University
New York, NY, USA

Hsiang-Yuan Ho
Department of Sociology
University of Maryland
College Park, MD, USA

Jeffrey M. Hunger
Department of Psychology
University of California, Santa Barbara
Santa Barbara, CA, USA

Jolanda Jetten
School of Psychology
The University of Queensland
St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia

Amandeep Kaur
College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
St. John's University
Queens, NY, USA

Andreana C. Kenrick
Department of Psychology
Princeton University
Princeton, NJ, USA

Kristin Kerns
Department of Sociology
University of Maryland
College Park, MD, USA

Micah Lattanner
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
Duke University
Durham, NC, USA

Jordan B. Leitner
Department of Psychology
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley, CA, USA

David J. Lick
Department of Psychology
University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA, USA

Bruce G. Link
Department of Sociology
University of California, Riverside
Riverside, CA, USA

Jeff Lucas
Department of Sociology
University of Maryland
College Park, MD, USA

Brenda Major
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences
University of California, Santa Barbara
Santa Barbara, CA, USA

Bianca Manago
Department of Sociology
Indiana University Bloomington
Bloomington, IN, USA

Douglas S. Massey
Department of Sociology
Princeton University
Princeton, NJ, USA

Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton
Department of Psychology
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley, CA, USA

Keely A. Muscatell
Department of Psychiatry
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, CA, USA

Steven L. Neuberg
Department of Psychology
Arizona State University
Tempe, AZ, USA

Daphna Oyserman
Department of Psychology
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, CA, USA

John E. Pachankis
Yale School of Public Health
Yale University
New Haven, CT, USA

Elizabeth Pascoe
Department of Psychology
University of North Carolina, Asheville
Asheville, NC, USA

Rebecca L. Pearl
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA, USA

Louis A. Penner
School of Medicine
Wayne State University
Detroit, MI, USA

Bernice A. Pescosolido
Department of Sociology
Indiana University Bloomington
Bloomington, IN, USA

Jo C. Phelan
Mailman School of Public Health
Columbia University
New York, NY, USA

Sean M. Phelan
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN, USA

Naomi Priest
Centre for Social Research and Methods
Australian National University
Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

Diane M. Quinn
Department of Psychology
University of Connecticut
Storrs, CT, USA

Daan Scheepers
Department of Psychology
Leiden University
Leiden, the Netherlands

Toni Schmader
Department of Psychology
The University of British Columbia
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Annie Schmidt
College of Human Sciences
Illinois Institute of Technology
Chicago, IL, USA

Laura Smart Richman
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
Duke University
Durham, NC, USA

Michelle L. Stock
Department of Psychology
The George Washington University
Washington, D.C., USA

Greer Sullivan
UCR School of Medicine
University of California, Riverside
Riverside, CA, USA

A. Janet Tomiyama
Department of Psychology
University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA, USA

Brandon Wagner
Department of Sociology
Texas Tech University
Lubbock, TX, USA

David R. Williams
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
Harvard University
Cambridge, MA, USA