The Oxford Encyclopedia of Politics and Religion

Edited by Paul A. Djupe, Associate Professor, Denison University, Edited by Mark J. Rozell, Dean of the Schar School of Policy and Government and the Ruth D. and John Y. Hazel Chair in Public Policy, George Mason University, and Edited by Ted G. Jelen, Professor, University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Paul A. Djupe has researched religion and politics in the United States for 25 years. He has published eight books and over 100 articles and chapters, most of them exploring some facet of religion and politics. A past editor of the journal Politics and Religion, he now edits the book series Religious Engagement in Democratic Politics and serves as an affiliated scholar with the Public Religion Research Institute. Mark J. Rozell is the founding dean of the Schar School of Policy and Government at George Mason University, where he holds the Ruth D. and John T. Hazel Chair in Public Policy. He is the editor of the book series Religion, Politics, and Policy, which he founded with Ted G. Jelen. Ted G. Jelen was Professor of Political Science at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and a leading scholar of politics of religion. He was the former editor of the Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion and former coeditor of Politics and Religion. He published numerous books

and articles on religion and politics in his lifetime.

Directory of Contributors

Jason M. Adkins
Department of Social Sciences and Cultural Studies, Montana State University

Yasemin Akbaba
Department of Political Science, Gettysburg College

Khalil Al-Anani
Politics and International Relations Program, Doha Institute for Graduate Studies

Gizem Arikan
Department of Political Science, Trinity College Dublin

Peyman Asadzade
Department of Politics and Global Studies, Arizona State University

Konstantin Ash
Department of Political Science, University of California, San Diego

Erica Ashbaugh
Department of Sociology, North Dakota State University

Francine Banner
Department of Sociology, University of Michigan, Dearborn

Pazit Ben-Nun Bloom
Department of Political Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Cammie Jo Bolin
Department of Government, Georgetown University

Andrew Bramsen
Department of Political Science, Bethel University

Rachel D. Brown
Centre for Studies in Religion and Society, University of Victoria

R. Khari Brown
Department of Sociology, Wayne State University

Ronald E. Brown
Department of Political Science, Wayne State University

Ryan P. Burge
Department of Political Science, Eastern Illinois University

Timothy A. Byrnes
Department of Political Science, Colgate University

Brian R. Calfano
Department of Political Science and Journalism, University of Cincinnati

Ali Çarkoglu
Department of International Relations, Koç University

Jeremiah J. Castle
Department of Political Science, Central Michigan University

Özge Çelik Russell
Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Gazi University

Claudia Cerqueira
Center for Politics and Economics of Public Sector, Fundação Getúlio Vargas

Christopher Chapp
Department of Political Science, St. Olaf College

Asher Cohen
Department of Political Studies, Bar-Ilan University

Kimberly H. Conger
Department of Political Science, University of Cincinnati

K. Amber Curtis
Department of Political Science, Clemson University

Dennis C. Dickerson
Department of History, Vanderbilt University

Paul A. Djupe
Department of Political Science, Denison University

Tenzin Dorjee
Department of Political Science, Columbia University

Pedro A. G. Dos Santos
Department of Political Science, College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University

Michael Driessen
Department of Political Science, John Cabot University

Zachary Elkins
Department of Government, University of Texas, Austin

Lars Tore Flåten
Department of Asian Security Studies, Institutt for Forsvarsstudier

Jonathan Fox
Department of Political Studies, Bar-Ilan University

Amanda Friesen
Department of Political Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis

Silviya Gancheva
Department of Political Science, Wayne State University

Ewa A. Golebiowska
Department of Political Science, Wayne State University

Gary A. Goreham
Department of Sociology, North Dakota State University

Lyn S. Graybill
Independent Scholar

Anna Grzymala-Busse
Department of Political Science, Stanford University

Christopher W. Hale
Department of Political Science, University of Alabama

Maia Hallward
Department of Middle East Politics, Kennesaw State University

Ron E. Hassner
Department of Political Science, University of California, Berkeley

Meir Hatina
Department of Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies, Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Jeffrey Haynes
Department of Political Science, London Metropolitan University

Peter Henne
Department of Political Science, University of Vermont

Michael Hoffman
Department of Political Science, University of Notre Dame

Mirya R. Holman
Department of Political Science, Tulane University

Daniel G. Hummel
Department of Nutritional Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Dane Imerman
Department of Political Science, Denison University

Laura Dudley Jenkins
Department of Political Science, University of Cincinnati

Ayhan Kaya
Department of International Relations, Istanbul Bilgi University

Steven Kettell
Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick

Se-Hyun Kim
Department of Politics and International Relations, Seoul National University

Youngmin Kim
Department of Politics and International Relations, Seoul National University

Jason Klocek
Department of Sociology, University of Notre Dame

Benjamin R. Knoll
Department of Politics, Centre College

Jeanine Kraybill
Department of Political Science, California State University, Bakersfield

Uri M. Kupferschmidt
Department of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, University of Haifa

Christina Ladam
Department of Political Science, University of Colorado, Boulder

André Laliberté
Department of Political Studies, University of Ottawa

Menachem Lazar
Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University

Ha-Kyoung Lee
Department of Politics and International Relations, Seoul National University

Andrew R. Lewis
Department of Political Science, University of Cincinnati

Roman B. Lewis
Department of Political Science, University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Junpeng Li
Department of Government, Harvard University

Vesna Malesevic
Department of Political Science and Sociology, National University of Ireland

Luis Felipe Mantilla
Department of Politics, University of South Florida

Paul Christopher Manuel
Department of Government, American University

Neil Matthews
Department of Sociology, University of Bristol

John F. McCauley
Department of Government and Politics, University of Maryland

Gwyneth McClendon
Department of Politics, New York University

Barbara A. McGraw
Department of Social Ethics, Law, and Public Life, Saint Mary's College of California

Manus I. Midlarsky
Department of Political Science, Rutgers University

Matthew R. Miles
Department of Political Science, Brigham Young University

Nikola Mirilovic
Department of Political Science, University of Central Florida

Linsey Moddelmog
Department of Political Science, Washburn University

Sayam Moktan
Department of Political Science, University of Cincinnati

David Muchlinski
Sam Nunn School of International Affairs, Georgia Institute of Technology

Ziad Munson
Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Lehigh University

Jacob R. Neiheisel
Department of Political Science, University at Buffalo, State University of New York

Elizabeth A. Oldmixon
Department of Political Science, University of North Texas

Laura R. Olson
Department of Political Science, Clemson University

Susanne Olsson
Department of Ethnology, History of Religions and Gender Studies, Stockholm University

Seongun Park
Department of Politics and International Relations, Seoul National University

Arie Perliger
Department of Criminology and Justice Studies, University of Massachusetts, Lowell

Erica Podrazik
Department of Political Science, Tulane University

Douglas Pratt
Department of Religion, University of Auckland

Jason M. Pudlo
Department of Political Science, Oral Roberts University

Christopher D. Raymond
Department of Politics, Queen's University

Lawrence C. Reardon
Department of Political Science, University of New Hampshire

James T. Richardson
Department of Interdisciplinary Social Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno

Emma Rosenberg
Department of Political Science, University of Notre Dame

Victor Roudometof
Department of Political Sciences, University of Cyprus

Lara Rusch
Department of Political Science, University of Michigan, Dearborn

Raja M. Ali Saleem
Department of Public Policy and Governance, Forman Christian College

Nukhet Sandal
Department of Political Science, Ohio University

Patrick L. Schoettmer
Department of Political Science, Seattle University

Ian Shapiro
Department of Political Science, University of Colorado, Boulder

Darren E. Sherkat
Department of Sociology, Southern Illinois University

Niloufer Siddiqui
Department of Political Science, University at Albany, State University of New York

Sonia Sikka
Department of Philosophy, University of Ottawa

Corwin E. Smidt
Department of Political Science, Calvin College

Amy Erica Smith
Department of Political Science, Iowa State University

Anand Edward Sokhey
Department of Political Science, University of Colorado, Boulder

Ji Hye Song
Department of Politics and International Relations, Seoul National University

Simon Sorgenfrei
Department of History and Contemporary Studies, Södertörn University

Emil Aslan Souleimanov
Department of Security Studies, Charles University

Jorg Stolz
Department of Social Sciences of Religion, University of Lausanne

Isak Svensson
Department of Politics, Uppsala University

Mehran Tamadonfar
Department of Political Science, University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Pascal Tanner
Department of Social Sciences of Religion, University of Lausanne

Yu Tao
Department of Asian Studies, University of Western Australia

Kristina M. Teater
Department of Political Science, University of Cincinnati

Sultan Tepe
Department of Political Science, University of Chicago at Illinois

Dirk Tomsa
Department of Politics, La Trobe University

Guadalupe Tuñón
Department of Political Science, University of California, Berkeley

Gülay Türkmen
Department of Religion, University of Goettingen

Etga Ugur
Department of Politics, University of Washington, Tacoma

Jolanda van der Noll
Department of Psychology, FernUniversität

Evert van Leeuwen
Department of Medical Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen

Zoe Vermeer
Department of Political Science, Bethel University

Kenneth D. Wald
Department of Political Science, University of Florida

Nathan C. Walker
1791 Delegates

Stephen G. Walker
Department of Politics, Arizona State University

Carolyn M. Warner
Department of Politics, Arizona State University

Aubrey Westfall
Department of Political Science, Wheaton College

Rina Verna Williams
Department of Political Science, University of Cincinnati

Kristi Winters
GESIS Leibniz-Institut fur Sozialwissenschaften

Halil Ibrahim Yenigun
Department of Islamic Studies, Stanford University

Yvonne C. Zimmerman
Department of Christian Ethics, Methodist Theological School in Ohio

Yahia H. Zoubir
Independent Scholar