Edited by Patrizio Lancellotti, University Hospital Sart Tilman, Liege, Belgium, José Luis Zamorano, Department of Cardiology, Gilbert Habib, Department of Cardiology Marseilles, France, and Luigi Badano, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy

Patricio Lancellotti is head of the intensive care cardiology unit at the University of Liège Hospital Center and Professor of Clinical Medicine at the University of Liège. His research has led to significant progress in the care of patients suffering from functional mitral insufficiency.

José Luis Zamorano is Professor of Medicine at the University Complutense in Madrid and Director of the Cardiovascular Institute at the University Clinic San Carlos, Madrid. He is President Elect of the European Association of Echocardiography (EAE) and President of the Working Group on Non-invasive Diagnostic Imaging of the Spanish Society of Cardiology.

Professor Habib is currently Chair of the Cardiology Department at La Timone Marseille in France. He is also President of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging 2014-2016 and member of the board of the ESC. He has been involved in more than 200 publications in international peer-reviewed journals.

Luigi Badano currently serves as the director of the echocardiography laboratory and a professor of cardiovascular imaging at the University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy. He is a member of the Italian Society of Cardiology, Italian Society of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, European Society of Cardiology, European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, American College of Cardiology and the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE), and a fellow of the European Society of Cardiology and the American College of Cardiology. He is past-president of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. He is honorary member of the Hungarian, Romanian and Korean societies of cardiology and of the British society of echocardiography. In 2013, he was awarded with the silver medal of the European Society of Cardiology for his clinical and research activity and his commitment as President of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging.

Section editors

Professor Bernard Cosyns, Department of Cardiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussels, Brussels, Belgium

Professor Thor Edvardsen, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

Professor Maurizio Galderisi, Laboratory of Standard and Advanced Echocardiography, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy

Professor Bogdan A. Popescu, Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Euroecolab, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Prof Dr CC Iliescu, Bucharest, Romania

Rio Aguilar Torres
Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Asrar Ahmed
Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK

Monica Alcantara M.D. - Ecocardiografia Americas Medical City/Hospital Samaritano and Cardiologia Proecho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Maria João Andrade
Instituto Cardiovascular de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

Ashraf M. Anwar
Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

Luigi Badano
Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Marcia Barbosa
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;Ecocenter, Socor Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Cristina Basso
Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Helmut Baumgartner
Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital, Munster, Munster, Germany

Nadia Benyounes
Cardiology Unit, Fondation A. de Rothschild, Paris, France

Javier Bermejo
Noninvasive Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain

Reidar Bjornerheim
Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval, Oslo, Norway

Eduardo Bossone
Cardiology Division, Cava de Tirreni and Amalfi Coast Hospital, Heart Department, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy

Werner Budts
Department of Cardiology, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Luis Caballero
Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain

Matteo Cameli
Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

Alejandra Carbonell San Roman
Residente de Cardiologia. Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain

Nuno Cardim
Imagiologia Cardiaca e Centro de Miocardiopatia Hipertrofica Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal

Scipione Carerj
Cardiology Unit, Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Messina, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy

Pio Caso
Department of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy

Joao L. Cavalcante
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Heart & Vascular Institute UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

John B. Chambers
Cardiothoracic Centre, Guys and St Thomas Hospitals, London, UK

Elie Chammas
Lebanese Society of Cardiology; Lebanese University, Division of Cardiology; Clemenceau Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Maja Cikes
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Rodolfo Citro
Heart Department, University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi dAragona, Largo Citta di Ippocrate, Salerno, Italy

Michal Ciurzynski
Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

Ariel Cohen
Cardiologie, Hopitaux Universitaires Paris Est, Hopital Saint Antoine, Hopital Tenon; Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Paris, France

Paolo Colonna
Cardiology, Policlinico Hospital, Bari, Italy

Lauro Cortigiani
Cardiology Division, San Luca Hospital, Lucca, Italy

Bernard Cosyns
Department of Cardiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium

Antonello DAndrea
Department of Cardiology, Second University of Naples, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy

Laurent Davin
Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Sart Tilman, Liege, Belgium

Genevieve Derumeaux
Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomedicale, Facute de medecine de Creteil, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hopital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Creteil, France

Johan De Sutter
Department of Cardiology, AZ Maria Middelares Gent and University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium

Jan Dhooge
Laboratory on Cardiovascular Imaging & Dynamics, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Vitantonio Di Bello
Cardioangiology Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Carlo di Mario
Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK

Giovanni Di Salvo
Cardiologia SUN, Paediatric Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy

Erwan Donal
Service de Cardiologie et Maladies Vasculaires, CHU Rennes, Rennes; LTSI, INSERM U 1099, Universite Rennes 1, Rennes, France

Steven Droogmans
Department of Cardiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium

Raluca Dulgheru
Heart Valve Clinic, University of Liege, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Sart Tilman, Liege, Belgium; University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania

Thor Edvardsen
Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

Perry Elliott
The Heart Hospital, London, UK

Laura Ernande
Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; DHU Ageing Thorax Vessels Blood, Inserm Unit 955 Team 08, Faculte de Medecine de Creteil, Hopital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Creteil, France

Roberta Esposito
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy

Mohammed Rafique Essop
Division of Cardiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Arturo Evangelista
Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall dHebron, Barcelona, Spain

Francesco Faletra
Cardiac Imaging Laboratory, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Division of Cardiology, Lugano, Switzerland

Covadonga Fernandez-Golfin
Cardiac Imaging Unit, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

Marcin Fijalkowski
Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland

Frank A. Flachskampf
Institut for Medicinska Vetenskaper, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Kevin F. Fox
Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Andrzej Gackowski
Noninvasive Cardiovascular Laboratory, John Paul II Hospital, Department of Coronary Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland

Maurizio Galderisi
Laboratory of Standard and Advanced Echocardiography, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy

Leda Galiuto
Department of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy

Elena Galli
Service de Cardiologie et Maladies Vasculaires, CHU Rennes, Rennes; LTSI, INSERM U 1099, Universite Rennes 1, Rennes, France

Madalina Garbi
Kings Health Partners, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

Miguel Angel Garcia Fernandez
Departamento de Medicina I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Luna Gargani
Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy

Silvia Gianstefani
Croydon University Hospital, London, UK

Carmen Ginghina
Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Euroecolab, Bucharest, Romania

Jose Juan Gomez de Diego
Cardiologo Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain

Alexandra Goncalves
Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal

Piotr Gosciniak
Cardiology Department, WSZ, Szczecin, Poland

Julia Grapsa
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK

Fabio Guarracino
Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy

Pedro Gutierrez Fajardo
Cardiotest, Echocardiography Lab, Hospitales Mac Bernadette, Instituto Cardiovascular de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico

Gilbert Habib
Department of Cardiology, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France

Andreas Hagendorff
Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

Kristina H. Haugaa
Department of Cardiology and Center for Cardiological Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway

Christine Henri
Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, Hospital Sart Tilman, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada

Siew Yen Ho
Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, UK

Krasimira Hristova
National Heart Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria

Emer Joyce
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Ruxandra Jurcut; Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania

Jaroslaw D. Kasprzak
Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Bieganski Hospital, Lodz, Poland

Hyung-Kwan Kim
Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea

Seisyou Kou
St. Marianna University School of Medicine Department of Cardiology, Kanagawa, Japan

Giovanni La Canna
Clinical Echocardiography, Cardiac Surgery Department, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy

Andre La Gerche
Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute and the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

Patrizio Lancellotti
Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Sart Tilman,Liege, Belgium

Roberto M. Lang
Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

Aleksandar Lazarevic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Thierry Le Tourneau
INSERM, UMR 1087, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France

Jo-Nan Liao
Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan

Piotr Lipiec
Department of Rapid Cardiac Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

Jorge Lowenstein
Investigaciones Medicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Anca D. Mateescu
Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Euroecolab, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Prof Dr C C Iliescu, Bucharest, Romania

Simon Matskeplishvili
Moscow University Clinic, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Gerald Maurer
Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Blazej Michalski
Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

Marcelo-Haertel Miglioranza
Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Owen I. Miller
Cardiology Unit, Evelina London Childrens Hospital, London, UK

Mark Monaghan
Non-Invasive Cardiology, Kings College Hospital, London, UK

Sergio Mondillo
University of Siena, Cardiology, Division, Postgraduate School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Siena, Italy

Marie Moonen
Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Sart Tilman, Liege, Belgium

Denisa Muraru
Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Alain Nchimi
Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium

Aleksandar N. Neskovic
Clinic of Internal Medicine/Interventional Cardiology, Clinical Hospital Center Zemun-Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

Petros Nihoyannopoulos
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London; Department of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK

Kim OConnor
Heart and Lung Quebec Institute, Quebec, Canada

Jae K. Oh
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

Stefan Orwat
Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Munster, Munster, Germany

Bernard Paelinck
Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium

Tomasz Pasierski
Medical University, Warsaw, Poland

Marina Pascual Izco
Cardiology Department, University of Alcala de Henares, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain

Agnes Pasquet
Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, France

Denis Pellerin
Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre at St Bartholomews Hospital, London, UK

Mauro Pepi
Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

Ferande Peters
Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa

Phillipe Pibarot
Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada

Eugenio Picano
Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy

Luc A. Pierard
Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Sart Tilman, Liege, Belgium

Bruno Pinamonti
Ecocardiografia, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Italy

Fausto Pinto
Professor of Cardiology, Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal

Juan Carlos Plana
Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

Edyta Plonska-Gosciniak
Cardiology Department, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland

Bogdan A. Popescu
Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Euroecolab, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Prof Dr CC Iliescu, Bucharest, Romania

Susanna Price
Adult Intensive Care Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK

Christian Prinz
Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Gustavo Restrepo Molina
Cardiovascular Unit, Fundacion Clinica Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia

Fausto Rigo
Division of Cardiology, dellAngelo Hospital, Mestre-Venice, Italy

Daniel Rodriguez Munoz
Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain

Ricardo Ronderos
Cardiovascular Imaging Department, Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina

Monica Rosca
Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Euroecolab, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Prof Dr C C Iliescu, Bucharest, Romania

Raphael Rosenhek
University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Elif Sade
Professor of Cardiology at Baskent Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey

Anita Sadeghpour
Echocardiography Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran;University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Gonzalo Luis Alonso Salinas
Cardiology Department, University of Alcala de Henares, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain

Alessandro Salustri
Consultant Cardiology at the Heart and Vascular Institute at Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Niloufar Samiei
Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran, Iran

Manfred Seeberger
Anesthesia, Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland

Christine Selton-Suty
Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France

Partho Sengupta
Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

Shantanu P. Sengupta
Sengupta Hospital & Research Institute, Ravinagar Square, Nagpur, India

Roxy Senior
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Imperial College, London; Royal Brompton Hospital, London; Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK

Jadranka Separovic Hanzevacki
University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia

Rosa Sicari
Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy

Iana Simova
Clinic of Cardiology and Angiology, City Clinic - Cardiovascular Center, Sofia, Bulgaria

Evgeny Shkolnik
Department of Functional Methods in Internal Medicine, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia

Henry J. Skinner
Department of Anaesthesia, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK

Otto A. Smiseth
Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway

Peter Sogaard
Department of Cardiology and Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

Jae-Kwan Song
Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Muriel Sprynger
University of Liege Hospital, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, University Hospital Sart Tilman, Liege, Belgium

Ivan Stankovic
Department of Cardiology, Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia

Alexandros S. Stefanidis
Department of Cardiology, Echocardiography Laboratory, General Hospital of Nikea, Piraeus, Greece

Piotr Szymanski
Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland

Masaaki Takeuchi
Department of Internal Medicine, Tane General Hospital, Osaka, Japan

Katsu Tanaka
Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo; University of Tokyo Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Gaetano Thiene
Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Franck Thuny
Cardiology Department, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France

Christophe Tribouilloy
Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Amiens, Amiens; Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France

Dimitrios Tsiapras
Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Kallithea, Greece

Philippe Unger
Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

Filipa Xavier Valente
Cardiac Imaging Department, Hospital Vall dHebron, Barcelona, Spain

Nico Van de Veire
AZ Maria Middelares Gent, Ghent; Free University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium

Annemien E. van den Bosch
Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Guy Van Camp
Department of Non-invasive Cardiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium

Mani Vannan
Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA

Albert Varga
Department of Cardiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary

Clara Vazquez
Department of Echocardiography, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, DF, Mexico

Jens-Uwe Voigt
Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Damien Voilliot
Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Nancy-Brabois, Institut lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, Nancy, France

Frank Weidemann
Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany

Tsai Wei-Chuan
Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan

Patrick F. Wouters
Department of Anesthesiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium

Kiyoshi Yoshida
Cardiovascular Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan

Jose Luis Zamorano
Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain

Peng-Fei Zhang
Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China

Yun Zhang
Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China

""This will be a valuable resource for the study of clinical echocardiography. It will be of particular benefit to those individuals wishing to adhere to the curriculum endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography." Doody's Notes"