The EACVI Textbook of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Edited by Massimo Lombardi, Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy, Sven Plein, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, UK, Steffen Petersen, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Consultant Cardiologist and Clinical Director for Research at Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Department of Cardiology, Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Emanuela Valsangiacomo Buechel, Paediatric Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland, Cristina Basso, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, and Victor Ferrari, Cardiovascular Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA

Massimo Lombardi started his involvement in Cardiac Imaging since his degree in 1981. He was involved in Echocardiography and namely in Myocardial perfusion and Echo Stress. In 1993 he moved to Trondheim, Norway where he started his involvement in Cardiac MR. Back to Italy he leaded in Pisa the first fully dedicated cardiac MR centre in Italy at the National Research Council/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio Foundation. Since 2013 he is leading the Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section at I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato in Milan, Italy.

Sven Plein is a British Heart Foundation Professor of Cardiovascular Imaging at the University of Leeds and Consultant Cardiologist at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust. Prof Plein studied Medicine in Marburg/Germany and received an MD from the Phillips University in Marburg/Germany in 1995 and my PhD from the University of Leeds in 2004. Prof Pleins main research interest is cardiovascular imaging, with a focus on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).

Steffen Petersen is a Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine at the William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and a Consultant Cardiologist and Clinical Director for Research at Barts Heart Centre. He is also the Cardiovascular Programme Director of UCLPartners Academic Medical Centre. He is Chair-elect, Cardiovascular MRI (Dec 2016-Dec 2018) of the European Society of Cardiology's (ESC) European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI). He holds an MBCHB and MDRES equivalent from Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany, a DPHIL (OXON) from the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, an MPH from Harvard School of Public Health. He is level 3 certified for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). He has been actively involved in cardiovascular magnetic resonance since 1998 and reports over 1000 cardiac adult MRI scans each year.

Taking a medical degree followed by a postgraduate degree in cardiology and then a PhD in advanced cardiac imaging Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci stepped into a consultant senior lecturer role immediately after her doctorate. Chiara divides her time equally between two organisations: she is Consultant Senior Lecturer in Cardiology for the University of Bristol and Consultant Cardiologist for the NHS, where she leads the Cardiac MRI Unit of Bristol NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, based at the Bristol Heart Institute. She is also co-Director of the Clinical Research and Imaging Centre (CRIC) Bristol a state-of-the-art imaging and research facility run in partnership by the University and the NHS. In addition, she has honorary Clinical Senior Clinical Lecturer status at Imperial College London at the National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI). She sits on the cardiac MRI specialist taskforce for The European Society for Cardiology.

Professor Emanuela Valsangiacomo Buechel received her medical degree from the University of Zurich in Switzerland. She trained in Pediatric Cardiology in Zurich (University Childrens Hospital) and Toronto (Hospital for Sick Children), where she further specialized in Cardiac Imaging, especially Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR). Since 2002 Professor Valsangiacomo is senior consultant in Pediatric Cardiology at the University Childrens Hospital and lecturer at the University of Zurich. She is head of Cardiac Imaging and leading the CMR and the fetal cardiology programs. Professor Valsangiacomo has a strong clinical background; her research is mainly focused on different clinical applications of CMR. In 2006 she obtained her venia legendi at the University of Zurich with a thesis on the use of CMR in congenital heart disease, and since 2013 she is adjunct Professor for Pediatrics and Pediatric Cardiology.

Cristina Basso is Associate Professor of Cardiovascular Pathology at the University of Padua. She has written 160 papers, of which 70 have appeared in English peer-review journals, including the New England Journal of Medicine, Circulation, Journal of the American College of Cardiology and American Journal of Pathology. She has given nearly 300 personal lectures and communications at scientific meetings and is co-author of two monographs. She is a fellow and member of Società Italiana di Cardiologia, Gruppo di Studio Italiano di Patologia Cardiovascolare, the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology, the European Association for Cardiovascular Pathology and European Society of Cardiology (ESC). She has been awarded 10 national and international prizes. Professor Basso graduated with a degree in medicine from the University Medical School in Padua in 1990 and then undertook postgraduate courses in cardiology and a PhD in cardiological sciences.

Victor Ferrari is a Professor of Medicine at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Associate Director in Cardiovascular Imaging. Specialising in Ventricular remodelling, Developmental cardiology, Stem cell tracking, and Plaque characterisation, Victor Ferrari is an expert in the field and leader in CMR.

Sebastian Kozerke
Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Redha Boubertakh
Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, London; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

Marc Miquel
Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, London; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

Roger Luechinger
Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Torsten Sommer
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, German Red Cross Hospital, Neuwied, Germany

J. Paul Finn
Professor of Radiological Sciences and Medicine, Vice Chair of Innovative Technology, and Chief of Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Kim-Lien Nguyen
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Giovanni Calcagnini
Lead Researcher, Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic and Aging-associated Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy

Federica Censi
Lead Researcher, Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic and Aging-associated Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy

Eugenio Mattei
Researcher, Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic and Aging-associated Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy

A John Baksi
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK

Alistair A Young
Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

Alicia Maceira
Consultant Cardiologist, Cardiovascular Unit, ASCIRES Medical Group, Valencia; Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Health Sciences School, CEU (Cardenal Herrera University), Valencia, Spain

Eike Nagel
Director of the Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, DZHK Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging; Head of Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Imaging, University Hospital Frankfurt/ Main, Germany

Juerg Schwitter
Médecin Chef Cardiologie, Directeur du Centre de la RM Cardiaque du CHUV, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland Andrew Arai
Chief, Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA

Joseph Selvanayagam
Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia

Gaetano Nucifora
Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; North West Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

Vanessa Ferreira
Deputy Clinical Director, Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research; Associate Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine; Honorary Consultant Cardiologist, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK

Daniel Messroghli
Coordinator, Advanced Heart Failure Program, Scientific Director, Preclinical MR Center, Consultant Cardiologist, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, German Heart Institute Berlin and Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Michael Markl
Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

Walter RT Witschey
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Claudia Prieto
King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, UK; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Ingeniería, Santiago, Chile

René Botnar
King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, London, UK

Hajime Sakuma
Mie University Hospital, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan

Masaki Ishida
Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan

Marcus R Makowski
King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, UK; Department of Radiology, Charité, Berlin, Germany

Bernhard L Gerber
Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Division CARD, Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain av Hippocrate, Brussels, Belgium

Holger Thiele
University Heart Centre Lübeck, Medical Clinic II (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine), Lübeck, Germany Mouaz H Al-Mallah
Associate Professor of Medicine, Consultant Cardiologist and Division Head, Cardiac Imaging, King Abdul-Aziz Cardiac Center, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City (Riyadh), Ministry of National GuardHealth Affairs, Saudi Arabia

Joao AC Lima
Professor of Medicine, Director of Non-Invasive Cardiac Imaging, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA

Mohammad R Ostovaneh
Post-Doc Research Fellow, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA

Nuno Bettencourt
Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

Michael Salerno
University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA

Erica Dall'Armellina
Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

Carmen Chan
Division of Cardiology, University Medical Unit, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong

Martin S Maron
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

Pier Giorgio Masci
Centre for Cardiac MR, Cardiology Unit, Heart and Vessels Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Canton Vaud, Switzerland

Viviana Maestrini
Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anaesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Sport Medicine and Science, Italian National Olympic Committee, Rome, Italy

Deborah Kwon
Cleveland Clinic, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA

Ingo Eitel
University Heart Center Lübeck, Medical Clinic II (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine), Lübeck, Germany

Albert Van Rossum
VU University Medical Centre, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Thomas Stiermaier
University Heart Centre Lübeck, Medical Clinic II (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine), Lübeck, Germany Frank I Marcus
Professor of Medicine, Emeritus, Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

Martina Perazzolo Marra
Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy

Harikrishna Tandri
Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

Aiden Abidov
Professor of Medicine, Wayne State University, Section Chief, Cardiology, John D Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA

Cristina Basso
Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy

Steffen Petersen
William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Consultant Cardiologist and Clinical Director for Research, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust; Cardiovascular Programme Director, UCLPartners Academic Medical Centre, London, UK

Ana G Almeida
University Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon; Faculty of Medicine of Lisbon University; Cardiology Department of the University Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal

Yuchi Han
Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Matthias G Friedrich
Chief, Cardiovascular Imaging, McGill University Health Centre; Professor of Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany; Adjunct Professor of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, Canada; Adjunct Professor of Medicine, Departments of Cardiac Sciences and Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

Vanessa M Ferreira
Juliano de Lara Fernandes
Research Physician, Jose Michel Kalaf Research Institute, Cardiologist, Radiologia Clinica de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

Carlos Eduardo Rochitte
Associate Professor of Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School; Director, Cardiovascular MR and CT, Heart Hospital (Hospital do Coração, HCOR), São Paulo, Brazil

Otávio Rizzi Coelho-Filho
Assistant Professor of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil

Matthias Schmitt
Director of Cross-Sectional Cardiac Imaging, North West Heart Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK

W Gregory Hundley
Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine and Radiologic Sciences, Faculty of Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

Jennifer H Jordan
Assistant Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA

Christopher A Miller
NIHR Intermediate Fellow and Honorary Consultant Cardiologist, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

Annalisa Angelini
Associate Professor, Pathological Anatomy, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua Medical School, Padova, Italy

Amit Patel
Associate Professor of Medicine and Radiology; Director, Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Computed Tomography, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

Tomasz Miszalski-Jamka
Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, London; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

Silvia Mavrogeni
Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Kallithéa Department of Cardiology, Athens, Greece

Jeanette Schulz-Menger
Charité Campus Buch, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Experimental Clinical Research Center, eine gemeinsame Einrichtung von Charité und MDC AG Kardiovaskulare MRT, Leiterin Hochschulambulanz Kardiologie, Berlin, Germany

James Moon
Professor of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London; Clinical Director, Imaging, Barts Heart Centre, London, UK

Milind Y Desai
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

Marianna Fontana
Senior Lecturer, Division of Medicine, University College London; Honorary Consultant Cardiologist, National Amyloid Centre; Clinical Director, Royal Free CMR Department, London, UK

Dudley J Pennell
National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institutes of Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK

John P Carpenter
Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK

John C Wood
Professor of Paediatrics and Radiology, Director of Cardiovascular MRI, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Francisco Leyva
Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK

Charlotte Manisty
Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London and St Bartholomew's Heart Centre, London, UK

Jurgen Scharhag
Associate Professor of Sports Medicine, Cardiologist, Sports Physician, Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

Katherine C Wu
Associate Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA

Philipp Bohm
Herzzentrum Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämisstraβe 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland

Helen She
Department of Radiology, Lai Chi Kok, Hong Kong

Herbert Frank
Department of Internal Medicine, Tulln University Hospital, Alter Ziegelweg 10. A-02272 Tulln, Austria

Teresa Sykora
Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tulln, Alter Ziegelweg 10. A-02272 Tulln, Austria

Raad H Mohiaddin
CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK

Francisco Alpendurada
CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK

Christoph Nienaber
CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK

João Cavalvante
Director, Structural Cardiovascular Imaging and Core Lab, UPMC Heart & Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Florian von Knobelsdorff
Assistant Professor of Medicine and Senior Cardiologist, Clinic Agatharied, Department of Cardiology, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Hausham, Germany

Saul Myerson
Consultant Cardiologist and Head of Cardiac Imaging, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Associate Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Oxford, UK

Peter T Buser
Division of Cardiology, Medical Clinic III and Department of Medical Statistics and Biometry, University Hospital of the Albert Ludwig University, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Cardiology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; and Division of Cardiology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany

Stefania Rizzo
Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy

Massimo Lombardi
Consultant Cardiologist, Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy

Gaetano Thiene
Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy

Emanuela Valsangiacomo Buechel
Paediatric Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland

Vivek Muthurangu
Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Department of Cardiology, Director of Cardiovascular MR, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK

Carla Frescura
Paediatric Cardiologist, Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Mark A Fogel
Professor of Pediatrics (Cardiology) and Radiology, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Director of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Lars Grosse Wortmann
Labatt Family Heart Centre, Departments of Paediatrics and Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Deane Yim
Labatt Family Heart Centre, Departments of Paediatrics and Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Sonya V Babu-Narayan
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Honorary Consultant Cardiologist, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK

Francesca R Pluchinotta
Consultant of Paediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy

Andrew J Powell
Chief of the Cardiac Imaging Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital; Associate Professor of Paediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Shi-Joon Yoo
Cardiac Radiologist, Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children; Professor, Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Willem A Helbing
Professor of Paediatrics (Cardiology), Erasmus University Medical Center, Head of Pediatric Cardiology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Jonathan Carl Luis Rodrigues
Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, NIHR Bristol Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Bristol Heart Institute and School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neurosciences, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

Francesco Secchi
Consultant Radiologist, Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy

Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci
Consultant Senior Lecturer in Cardiology/Non-Invasive Imaging, Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK

Francesca Pugliese
Reader in Cardiovascular Imaging, Centre for Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging and Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Barts, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

Frank Rademakers
Director Medische Technologie en Innovatie, CMTO, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Christopher Kramer
Professor of Cardiology, Professor of Radiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA

Stefan Neubauer
Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Director, Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK

Damian Tyler
University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, Oxford, UK

Matthew Robson
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

David Sosnovik
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Director, Program in Cardiovascular Imaging, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging; Associate Director, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Malenka Bissell
Clinical Lecturer, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

Robert Lederman
Senior Investigator, Cardiovascular Intervention Program, Bethesda, MD, USA

Victor Ferrari
Professor of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Sven Plein
British Heart Foundation Professor of Cardiovascular Imaging, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK