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Stimulant Drugs and ADHD

Basic and Clinical Neuroscience

Edited by Mary V. Solanto, Amy F. T. Arnsten, and F. Xavier Castellanos

Stimulant drugs are widely used in the treatment of ADHD in children and adults, yet their mechanism of action have been poorly understood. This ...

Stimulant Drugs and ADHD

Basic and Clinical Neuroscience

Edited by Mary V. Solanto, Amy F. T. Arnsten, and F. Xavier Castellanos

Description

Stimulant drugs are widely used in the treatment of ADHD in children and adults. Hundreds of studies over the past 60 years have demonstrated their effectiveness in improving attention span, increasing impulse control, and reducing hyperactivity and restlessness. Despite widespread interest in these compounds, however, their mechanisms of action in the central nervous system have remained poorly understood. Recent advances in the basic and clinical neurosciences now afford the possibility of elucidating these mechanisms. The current volume is the first to bring this expanding knowledge to bear on the central question of why and how stimulants exert their therapeutic effects. The result is a careful, comprehensive, and insightful integration of material by well-known scientists that significantly advances our understanding of stimulant effects and charts a course for future research. Part I presents a comprehensive description of the clinical features of ADHD and the clinical repsonse to stimulants. Part II details the cortical and subcortical neuroanatomy and functional neurophysiology of dopamine and norepinephrine systems with respect to the regulation of attention, arousal, activity, and impulse control on the basis of animal studies. Part III is devoted to clinical research, including recent studies of neuroimaging, genetics, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of stimulants, effects on cognitive functions, neurophysiological effects in humans with and without ADHD and in non-human primates, and comparison of stimulants and non-stimulants in the treatment of ADHD. Part IV is a masterful synthesis that presents alternative models of stimulant drug action and generates key hypotheses for continued research. The volume will be of keen interest to researchers and clinicians in psychiatry, psychology, and neurology, neuroscientists studying stimulants, and those persuing development of new drugs to treat ADHD.

Stimulant Drugs and ADHD

Basic and Clinical Neuroscience

Edited by Mary V. Solanto, Amy F. T. Arnsten, and F. Xavier Castellanos

Part I: Phenomenology
1:Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Clinical Features, Mary V. Solanto
2:Clinical Psychopharmacology of Stimulant Medication in ADHD, Lawrence L. Greenhill
Part II: Basic Neuroscience
Introduction to Part II, Amy F.T. Arnsten
3:The Catecholamine Innervation of Primate Cerebral Cortex, David A. Lewis
4:Stimulant Effects on Striatal and Cortical Dopamine Systems Involved in Reward-Related Behavior and Impulsivity, Jane R. Taylor & J. David Jentsch
5:Psychostimulant Actions on Dopamine and Limbic System Function: Relevance to the Pathophysiology and Treatment of ADHD, Anthony A. Grace
6:Arousal- and Attention-Related Actions of the Locus Coeruleus-Noradrenergic: Potential Involvement in the Therapeutic Actions of Amphetamine-Like Stimulants, Craig W. Berridge
7:Dopaminergic and Noradrenergic Influences on Cognitive Functions Mediated by Prefrontal Cortex, Amy F.T. Arnsten
8:A Review of Rodent Models of ADHD, Sherry A. Ferguson
9:The Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat as a Model of ADHD, Terje Sagvolden
Part III: Clinical Neuroscience
Introduction to Part III, Mary V. Solanto
10:Neuroimaging Studies of ADHD, F. Xavier Castellanos
11:Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of methylphenidate in Humans, James Swanson & Nora Volkow
12:The Cognitive Pharmacology of Stimulants in Children with ADHD, Colin B. Denney and Mark Rapport
13:Comparative Psychopharmacology of Methylphenidate and Related Drugs in Human Volunteers, Patients w/ ADHD and Experimental Animals, Mitul A Mehta, Barbara J. Sahakian, and Trevor W. Robbins
14:Comparing the Effects of Stimulant and Non-Stimulant Agents on Catecholamine Function: Implications fot Theories of ADHD, Steven R. Pliska
Part IV: Integration
15:The Neuroscience of Stimulant Drug Action: Implications for ADHD, Mary V. Solanto, Amy F.T. Arnsten, and F. Xavier Castellanos
Appendix 1:The Behavior of Children Recieving Benzedrine, Charles Bradley

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