How to Read a Primary Source
Chapter 1 The African Origins of Humanity, Prehistory-10,000 BCE
1.1. Shell bead jewelry from the Grotte des Pigeons, Taforalt, Morocco, c. 75,000 - 82,000 BP [Before the Present]
1.2. Python-shaped, ornamented rock found in the Rhino Cave, Botswana, c. 70,000 BP
1.3. Paintings in the Cave of Altamira, Santillana del Mar, Spain, c. 22,000 - 14,000 BP
1.4. Flax fibers found at the Dzudzuana Cave, Republic of Georgia, c. 30,000 BP
Chapter 2 Agrarian-Urban Centers of the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean, 11,500-600 BCE
2.1. Law Code of Hammurabi, c. 1772 BCE
2.2. Babylonian Poem of the Righteous Sufferer, c. 2000 - 1600 BCE
2.3. Advice from a royal scribe to his apprentice, Middle Kingdom Egypt, Twelfth Dynasty, c. 1878-1839 BCE
2.4. Sketch of the palace complex at Knossos, Minoan Crete, c. 1700 - 1400 BCE
2.5. The Great Hymn to the Aten, c. 1353 - 1336 BCE
Chapter 3 Shifting Agrarian Centers in India, 3000-600 BCE
3.1. Hymns to Agni, from the Rig-Veda, Book 2, c. 1400 - 900 BCE
3.2. The Bhagavad Gita, c. 1750 - 800 BCE, written down in the 200s BCE
3.3. The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, c. 600 BCE
3.4. The Code of Manu, c. 100 - 300 CE
3.5. Image of Draupadi and the Pandava, from the Dashavatara Temple, Deogarh, India, Late 6th century CE
Chapter 4 Agrarian Centers and the Mandate of Heaven in Ancient China, 5000-481 BCE
4.1. The Zuo Commentary (Zuozhuan), c. 4th century BCE
4.2. Excerpts from The Book of Odes (Shi Jing), Oral folk song tradition, c. 2852 - 481 BCE
4.3. The Book of Lord Shang (Shang Chün Shu), c. 338 BCE
4.4. The Canon of Shun, Third millennium BCE?
4.5. Iron sword with jade handle, earliest cast iron object (Western Zhou), from Henan Museum, Guo state, Sanmenxia city, c. 1046 - 771 BCE
Chapter 5 Origins Apart: The Americas and Oceania, 30,000-600 BCE
5.1. Quipú from the Caral-Supé Culture, Peru, 2600 - 2000 BCE
5.2. Textile fragment from Chavín de Huántar, Peru, c. 500 - 200 BCE
5.3. Burial Mound at L'Anse Amour, Labrador, Canada, c. 5500 BCE
5.4. Lapita Pot Shards, found in Vanuatu, Western Pacific, c. 4th millennium BCE
Chapter 6 Chiefdoms and Early States in Africa and the Americas, 600 BCE-600 CE
6.1. Relief sculpture from Meroë, Sudan, c. 600 - 300 BCE
6.2. Cosmas Indicopleustes [Cosmas the India-Voyager], Christian Topography, c. 550 CE
6.3. The market at Jenné Jeno, Mali, Founded c. 3rd century BCE
6.4. Limestone panel from a Mayan temple, Palenque, c. 490 CE
Chapter 7 Persia, Greece, and Rome, 550 BCE-600 CE
7.1. The "Cyrus Cylinder," c. 538 BCE
7.2. Herodotus, Histories, c. 420s BCE
7.3. 1 Maccabees, c. 134 BCE
7.4.Graffiti from the walls of Pompeii, c. 79 CE
7.5. The Murder of the Philosopher Hypatia, Alexandria, Egypt, c. 415 CE
Chapter 8 Empires and Visionaries in India, 600 BCE-600 CE
8.1. The Seven Pillar Edicts of King Ashoka, c. 247-246 BCE
8.2. The Questions of King Milinda (The Milindapanha), c. 100 BCE
8.3. Remains of the Destroyed Bamiyan Buddhas, Afghanistan, 6th century CE
8.4. Seated Buddha, from the Gandhara culture, Afghanistan-Pakistan, 2nd - 3rd centuries CE
8.5. K?lid?sa, The Cloud Messenger, c. 4th-5th centuries CE
Chapter 9 China: Imperial Unification and Perfecting the Moral Order, 722 BCE-618 CE
9.1. Analects (Lunyu) of Confucius, c. 500 - 479 BCE
9.2. Book of Mencius (Mengzi), c. 310 - 289 BCE
9.3. Li Si, Memorial on the Burning of Books, from the Shi ji, c. 100 BCE
9.4. The Han Shu (History of the Former Han Dynasty), c. 100 CE
9.5. Ban Zhao, Lessons for Women (Nüjie), c. 80 CE
Chapter 10 Islamic Civilization and Byzantium, 600-1300 CE
10.1. Excerpts from the Qur'an, Sura 2 "The Cow," c. 650 CE
10.2. Documents related to the Iconoclasm Controversy, 7th - 9th centuries CE
10.3. Memoirs of Us?mah ibn-Munqidh, c. 1180s
10.4. A Jewish Engagement Contract from Fustat (Old Cairo), 11 November 1146
10.5. The Alchemy of Happiness, by Ab? H?mid Muhammad al-Ghazz?l?, c. 1095 - 1105
Chapter 11 Innovation and Adaptation in the Western Christian World, 600-1450 CE
11.1. Einhard's Life of Charlemagne, c. 830 CE
11.2. Feudal Contracts and the Swearing of Fealty, 1127 and 1219
11.3. Peter Abelard, The Story of My Calamities, c. 1132
11.4. Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron, "Putting the Devil Back in Hell," c. 1350
11.5. Flagellants attempt to ward off the Black Death in Germany and in England, 1348 and 1349
Chapter 12 Contrasting Patterns in India and China, 600-1600 CE
12.1. The Chachnama, c. 1200
12.2. Harsha Vardhana, "The Lady of the Jewel Necklace," c. 640 CE
12.3. Poetry of the Tang Dynasty, c. 750 CE
12.4. Marco Polo, Kubilai Khan at war, c. 1290
12.5. Model of a Ming ship in the Flotilla of Zheng He , c. 1420
Chapter 13 Religious Civilizations Interacting: Korea, Japan, and Vietnam, 550-1500 CE
13.1. Murasaki Shikibu, The Tale of Genji, c. 1000
13.2. The Haedong kos?ng ch?n, on Buddhism in Korea, c. 1215
13.3. The Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan), c. 720 CE
13.4. P'i Jih-hsiu, "Three Poems of Shame," c. 865 CE
13.5. Copper head of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, Vietnam, 8th-9th century CE
Chapter 14 Patterns of State Formation in Africa, 600-1450 CE
14.1. The Fetha Nagast, Ethiopia, 15th century
14.2. The Travels of Ibn Battuta, c. 1353
14.3. Golden Bracelets from the "Lost City" of Mapungubwe, South Africa, 13th century
14.4. 'Abd al-'Az?z al-Bakr?, Description of Northern Africa, 1068
14.5. Walls and Moats at Sungbo's Eredo, Nigeria, c. 1000-1450
Chapter 15 The Rise of Empires in the Americas, 600-1550 CE
15.1. The Temple of the Jaguars, Chichén Itzá, c. 850-1000 CE
15.2. Skeletons in a Wari royal tomb site, El Castillo de Huarmey, Peru, c. 600-1000 CE
15.3. Bernal Díaz, The Conquest of New Spain, c. 1568
15.4. Pedro Cieza de León, on Incan roads, 1541-1547
15.5. Garcilaso de la Vega, The Walls and Gates of Cuzco, 1609-1616
Chapter 16 The Western European Overseas Expansion and Ottoman-Habsburg Struggle, 1450-1650
16.1. Christopher Columbus, The Book of Prophecies, 1501-1502
16.2. Thomas the Eparch and Joshua Diplovatatzes, The Fall of Constantinople, 1453
16.3. Evliya Çelebi, A Procession of Artisans at Istanbul, c. 1638
16.4. Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, The Court of Suleiman the Magnificent, 1581
16.5. Janissaries' Muskets, c. 1750-1800
Chapter 17 The Renaissance, New Sciences, and Religious Wars in Europe, 1450-1750
17.1. Examination of Lady Jane Grey, London, 1554
17.2. Sebastian Castellio, Concerning Whether Heretics Should be Persecuted, 1554
17.3. Duc de Saint-Simon, The Daily Habits of Louis XIV at Versailles, c. 1715
17.4. Giorgio Vasari, The Life of Michelangelo Buonarotti, 1550
17.5. Galileo Galilei, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina de' Medici, 1615
Chapter 18 New Patterns in New Worlds: Colonialism and Indigenous Responses in the Americas, 1500-1800
18.1. Hernán Cortés, Second Letter from Mexico to Emperor Charles V, 1522
18.2. Marina de San Miguel's Confessions before the Inquisition, Mexico City, 1598-1599
18.3. Nahuatl Land Sale Documents, Mexico, c. 1610s
18.4. The Jesuit Relations, French North America, 1649
18.5. The Salem Witch Trials, British North America, 1692
