Shared Devotion, Shared Food

Equality and the Bhakti-Caste Question in Western India

Jon Keune

Highlights the centrality of food and eating together for debating caste and bhakti
Sheds new light on the question of social equality by identifying a crucial turning point in the late 19th century, as two Hindu theological concepts were translated problematically as “social equality”
Proposes a new perspective on hagiography that anticipates and foregrounds narrative change over time
Demonstrates a new contextually sensitive approach--critical commensality--for studying social tensions in different cultures and time periods

Shared Devotion, Shared Food

Equality and the Bhakti-Caste Question in Western India

Jon Keune

Description

When Hindu devotional or bhakti traditions welcomed marginalized people-women, low castes, and Dalits-were they promoting social equality? In this book, Jon Keune deftly examines the root of this deceptively simple question. The modern formulation of the bhakti-caste question is what Dalit leader B. R. Ambedkar had in mind when he concluded that the saints promoted spiritual equality but did not transform society. While taking Ambedkar's judgment seriously, Jon Keune argues that, when viewed in the context of intellectual history and social practice, the bhakti-caste question is more complex.

Shared Devotion, Shared Food explores how people in western India wrestled for centuries with two competing values: a theological vision that God welcomes all people, and the social hierarchy of the caste system. Keune examines the ways in which food and stories about food were important sites where this debate played out, particularly when people of high and low social status ate together. By studying Marathi manuscripts, nineteenth-century publications, plays, and films, Shared Devotion, Shared Food reveals how the question of caste, inclusivity, and equality was formulated in different ways over the course of three centuries, and it explores why social equality remains so elusive in practice.

Shared Devotion, Shared Food

Equality and the Bhakti-Caste Question in Western India

Jon Keune

CONTENTS

Introduction

Part One
1. Religion and Social Change: Narratives of Outrage and Disappointment
2. Sightings of bhakti and its social impact
3. Bhakti and equality in Marathi print, 1854-1950

Part Two
4. The Complications of Eating Together
5. Memories of transgressive commensality
6. Restaging Transgressive Commensality
7. Bhakti in the Shadow of Ambedkar

Conclusion
Bibliography

Shared Devotion, Shared Food

Equality and the Bhakti-Caste Question in Western India

Jon Keune

Author Information

Jon Keune is Assistant Professor of Religious Studies at Michigan State University. He held postdoctoral fellowships in Houston and Göttingen, and he earned a PhD from Columbia University. His research focuses on religion, society, and history in India and with a comparative eye to central Europe and East Asia. As co-founder of the Regional Bhakti Scholars Network in 2013, he is also deeply involved in collaborative research.

Shared Devotion, Shared Food

Equality and the Bhakti-Caste Question in Western India

Jon Keune

Reviews and Awards

"Through a detailed study of commensality practices, Keune offers a brilliant historical analysis of the relationship between bhakti traditions and the reality of caste hierarchies." -- Anantanand Rambachan, Professor of Religion, Saint Olaf College

"This gem of a book explores the relationship between inclusive religious imagery and the hard realities of social hierarchy. In a tour de force of textual analysis, Jon Keune critically and meticulously compares multiple versions of stories about Eknath, a 16th-century bhakti saint, in plays and movies as well as in traditional texts. Using the narratives as a prism, Keune examines an astonishingly broad spectrum of topics: from the social significance of sharing food to the modern intellectual history of Eknath's region, trends in scholarship on bhakti, and even the very notion of equality itself." -- Anne Feldhaus, Professor Emerita, Arizona State University

"Keune brings insight and humor to this study of how sharing food across religious spaces in sacred biographies and devotional texts reveals important considerations about social equality and caste, which he evocatively calls 'the bhakti-caste question'. Spanning archives, literature, manuscripts, visual culture, and ethnography, Keune delves deeply into the possible ethics of devotionalism in India over several centuries, and this book should be of interest to anyone who cares about the politics of power at the intersections of religion, food, and society." -- Christian Lee Novetzke, author of The Quotidian Revolution and Professor of South Asia Studies, Comparative Religion, and Global Studies, University of Washington