Robot Ethics 2.0

From Autonomous Cars to Artificial Intelligence

Edited by Patrick Lin, Keith Abney, and Ryan Jenkins

Focuses on new, emerging issues, particularly those related to robot cars
Features a diversity of experts, academically and geographically
Carefully curated by experienced editors, including section guides for the reader

Robot Ethics 2.0

From Autonomous Cars to Artificial Intelligence

Edited by Patrick Lin, Keith Abney, and Ryan Jenkins

Description

The robot population is rising on Earth and other planets. (Mars is inhabited entirely by robots.) As robots slip into more domains of human life—from the operating room to the bedroom—they take on our morally important tasks and decisions, as well as create new risks from psychological to physical. This makes it all the more urgent to study their ethical, legal, and policy impacts.

To help the robotics industry and broader society, we need to not only press ahead on a wide range of issues, but also identify new ones emerging as quickly as the field is evolving. For instance, where military robots had received much attention in the past (and are still controversial today), this volume looks toward autonomous cars here as an important case study that cuts across diverse issues, from liability to psychology to trust and more. And because robotics feeds into and is fed by AI, the Internet of Things, and other cognate fields, robot ethics must also reach into those domains, too.

Expanding these discussions also means listening to new voices; robot ethics is no longer the concern of a handful of scholars. Experts from different academic disciplines and geographical areas are now playing vital roles in shaping ethical, legal, and policy discussions worldwide. So, for a more complete study, the editors of this volume look beyond the usual suspects for the latest thinking. Many of the views as represented in this cutting-edge volume are provocative—but also what we need to push forward in unfamiliar territory.

Robot Ethics 2.0

From Autonomous Cars to Artificial Intelligence

Edited by Patrick Lin, Keith Abney, and Ryan Jenkins

Preface
I. Moral and Legal Responsibility
1. Autonomous Vehicles and Moral Uncertainty
Vikram Bhargava and Tae Wan Kim
2. Ethics Settings for Autonomous Vehicles
Jason Millar
3. Autonomy and Responsibility in Hybrid Systems: The Example of Autonomous Cars
Wulf Loh and Janina Sombetzki
4. Imputing Driverhood: Applying a Reasonable Driver Standard to Accidents Caused by Autonomous Vehicles
Jeffery K. Gurney
5. Liability Law for Present and Future Robotics Technology
Trevor N. White and Seth D. Baum
6. Skilled Perception, Authenticity, and the Case Against Automation
David Zoller
II. Trust and Human-Robot Interactions
7. Could a Robot Care? It's All in the Movement
Darian Meacham and Matthew Studley
8. Robot Friends for Autistic Children: Monopoly Money or Counterfeit Currency?
Alexis Elder
9. Pediatric Robotics and Ethics: The Robot Is Ready to See You Now, But Should It Be Trusted?
Jason Borenstein, Ayanna Howard, and Alan R. Wagner
10. Trust and Human-Robot Interactions
Jesse Kirkpatrick, Erin N. Hahn, and Amy J. Haufler
11. White Lies on Silver Tongues: Why Robots Need to Deceive (and How)
Alistair M. C. Isaac and Will Bridewell
12. "Who's Johnny?" Anthropomorphic Framing in Human-Robot Interaction, Integration, and Policy
Kate Darling
III. Applications: From Love to War
13. Lovotics: Human-Robot Love and Sex Relationships
Adrian David Cheok, Kasun Karunanayaka, and Emma Yann Zhang
14. Church-Turing Lovers
Piotr Bołtuć
15. The Internet of Things and Dual Layers of Ethical Concern
Adam Henschke
16. Challenges to Engineering Moral Reasoners: Time and Context
Michał Klincewicz
17. When Robots Should Do the Wrong Thing
Brian Talbot, Ryan Jenkins, and Duncan Purves
18. Military Robots and the Likelihood of Armed Combat
Leonard Kahn
IV. The Future of AI and Robotics
19. Testing the Moral Status of Artificial Beings, or "I'm Going to Ask You Some Questions"
Michael LaBossiere
20. Artificial Identity
James DiGiovanna
21. Superintelligence as Superethical
Steve Petersen
22. Artificial Intelligence and the Ethics of Self-Learning Robots
Shannon Vallor and George Bekey
23. Robots and Space Ethics
Keith Abney
24. On the Unabomber and Robots: The Need for a Philosophy of Technology Geared Toward Human Ends
Jai Galliott
Biosketches

Robot Ethics 2.0

From Autonomous Cars to Artificial Intelligence

Edited by Patrick Lin, Keith Abney, and Ryan Jenkins

Author Information

Edited by Patrick Lin, Keith Abney, and Ryan Jenkins

Patrick Lin, Ph.D., is a philosophy professor and director of the Ethics & Emerging Sciences Group at Cal Poly. He is also affiliated with Stanford Law School, Notre Dame, and World Economic Forum; and previously with Stanford's School of Engineering, the U.S. Naval Academy, and Dartmouth College. On the ethics of emerging technologies, he has provided counsel to the U.S. Department of Defense, the United Nations, Google, Apple, and many other government and industry organizations.

Ryan Jenkins, Ph.D., is an assistant professor of philosophy and a Senior Fellow at the Ethics & Emerging Sciences Group at California Polytechnic State University. He focuses in normative ethics (especially consequentialism) and applied ethics, including military ethics and emerging technologies such as driverless cars, robots, and autonomous weapons.

Keith Abney, A.B.D., is senior lecturer in the Philosophy Department and a Senior Fellow at the Ethics & Emerging Sciences Group at California Polytechnic State University, with research that includes work on demarcating science from non-science, moral status and sustainability, astronaut and space bioethics, patenting life, human enhancement, just war theory and the use of autonomous weapons, robot ethics, and other aspects of the ethical implications of emerging sciences and technologies.

Contributors:

Keith Abney
Seth D. Baum
George Bekey
Vikram Bhargava
Piotr Bołtuć
Jason Borenstein
Will Bridewell
Adrian David Cheok
Kate Darling
James DiGiovanna
Alexis Elder
Jai Galliott
Jeffrey K. Gurney
Erin N. Hahn
Amy J. Haufler
Adam Henschke
Ayanna Howard
Alistair M. C. Isaac
Ryan Jenkins
Leonard Kahn
Kasun Karunanayaka
Tae Wan Kim
Michał Klincewicz
Jesse Kirkpatrick
Michael LaBossiere
Janina Loh
Wulf Loh
Darian Meacham
Jason Millar
Steve Petersen
Duncan Purves
Matthew Studley
Brian Talbot
Shannon Vallor
Alan R. Wagner
Trevor N. White
Emma Yann Zhang
David Zoller

Robot Ethics 2.0

From Autonomous Cars to Artificial Intelligence

Edited by Patrick Lin, Keith Abney, and Ryan Jenkins

Reviews and Awards

"They have done an admirable job of organ-izing the material on a wide range of topics, and 2.0 provides a useful addition to 1.0 for exploring the new debates in this field." - Derek Leben, Metascience

"The philosophy of technology, particularly its ethics, carries a heavy burden right now. This book is an excellent guide to the reasons why that burden is so pressing, and... offers a really strong roadmap of where we are, and where we ought to go." - Robin L. Zebrowski, Departments of Philosophy, Psychology and Computer Science, Beloit College, Prometheus