Recent Advances in Disinfection By-Products

Edited by Tanju Karanfil, Bill Mitch, Paul Westerhoff, and Yuefeng Xie

American Chemical Society

ACS Symposium Series

Focuses on both the problems in source waters and the water treatment options
Explores cost-effective solutions for controlling and limiting DBPs

Recent Advances in Disinfection By-Products

Edited by Tanju Karanfil, Bill Mitch, Paul Westerhoff, and Yuefeng Xie

American Chemical Society

Description

The formation, control, and health effects of DBPs in drinking water are issues of international concern because of the health effects (e.g., bladder cancer and potential adverse reproductive-development impacts) associated with exposure to certain DBPs. As a result, many countries, as well as the World Health Organization, have regulations and/or guidelines on acceptable concentrations of DBPs in water.

In recent years, DBP research worldwide has focused on determining the possible adverse health effects of emerging, yet unregulated, DBPs, specifically halogenated (e.g., iodinated) and non-halogenated nitrogenous (e.g., nitrosamines) DBPs. The breadth of DBP research is very broad from source waters (e.g., wastewater, wildfire, seawater intrusion influences) to treatment strategies and technologies, followed by distribution system and point of entry issues (e.g., biofilms, heating, swimming pools), as well as health effects and analytical method developments. Recent research is helping to understand factors controlling formation and to develop a cost-effective control of a wide range of regulated and emerging DBPs. Furthermore, the pace of research on emerging DBP toxicity has increased and generated diverse findings, with comparative toxicity and the molecular mechanisms leading to improved understanding of their toxicity pathways and potential adverse biological effects.

This book represents the latest research efforts to understanding these important DBP-related issues. The authors of the chapters in this book are a multidisciplinary group of scientists and engineers, who are conducting studies in many parts of the world. The chapters in this book address both regulated and emerging DBPs and are organized under the sections on DBP toxicology and health effects, modeling of DBP formation, precursors and reactions involving nitrosamines, and formation of halogenated DBPs. This book will be of interest to researchers, drinking water utility scientists and engineers, toxicologists, epidemiologists, and regulators interested in the formation and control of and exposure to DBPs.

Recent Advances in Disinfection By-Products

Edited by Tanju Karanfil, Bill Mitch, Paul Westerhoff, and Yuefeng Xie

American Chemical Society

ACS Symposium Series

Preface

DBP Toxicology and Health Effects

1. Charting a New Path To Resolve the Adverse Health Effects of DBPs
2. Analysis, Occurrence, and Toxicity of Haloacetaldehydes in Drinking Waters: Iodoacetaldehyde as an Emerging Disinfection By-Product
3. Effect of Boiling on Halogenated DBPs and Their Developmental Toxicity in Real Tap Waters

Modeling DBP Formation

4. Bromination and Chlorination of NOM: New Modeling Approaches and Mechanistic Insights
5. Modeling NDMA Formation Kinetics During Chloramination of Model Compounds and Surface Waters Impacted by Wastewater Discharges
6. Meta-Analysis of Trihalomethane Formation Models and Application to Bromide Intrusion

NDMA - Nitrosamines

7. Nitrosamine Precursors and Wastewater Indicators in Discharges in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
8. National Occurrence of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)
9. The Role of Pre-Oxidation in Controlling NDMA Formation: A Review
10. pH Effect on Nitrosamine Precursor Removal by Activated Carbon Adsorption

Formation and Control of DBPs

11. Formation of DBPs: State of the Science
12. Carbonaceous and Nitrogenous Disinfecion By-Product Formation Potentials of Amino Acids
13. Formation of Disinfection By-Products from Bacterial Disinfection
14. Catalysis of DBP-Precursor Bromination by Halides and Hypochlorous Acid
15. Prescribed Fire Alters Dissolved Organic Matter and Disinfection By-Product Precursors in Forested Watersheds - Part I. A Controlled Laboratory Study
16. Prescribed Fire Alters Dissolved Organic Matter and Disinfection By-Product Precursor in Forested Watersheds--Part II. A Controlled Field Study
17. Control of Halogenated N-DBP Precursors Using Traditional and Advanced Drinking Water Treatment Processes: A Pilot-Scale Study in China's Lake Taihu
18. Variability of Non-Regulated Disinfection By-Products in Distribution Systems: Impact of the Storage Tank
19. Chloral Hydrate Control by Point-of-Use and Household Appliances
20. Disinfection By-Products in Swimming Pool Water: Formation, Modeling, and Control
21. Occurrence and Formation of Disinfection By-Products in Indoor U.S. Swimming Pools
22. Ion Mobility Spectrometry To Monitor Trichloramine in Indoor Pool Air

Recent Advances in Disinfection By-Products

Edited by Tanju Karanfil, Bill Mitch, Paul Westerhoff, and Yuefeng Xie

American Chemical Society

ACS Symposium Series

Author Information

Tanju Karanfil, Ph.D., PE, BCEE, is a Professor of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences and is the Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Studies in
the College of Engineering and Science at Clemson University.

Bill Mitch, Ph.D., PE, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Stanford University. He has studied disinfection by-product formation mechanisms over the past 15 years with a particular focus on nitrosamines.

Paul Westerhoff, Ph.D., PE, BCEE, is a Professor at Arizona State University (ASU) in the School of Sustainable Engineering and The Built Environment (SEBE).

Yuefeng Xie, Ph.D., PE, BCEE, is a Professor at The Pennsylvania State University in the School of Science, Engineering, and Technology at Harrisburg campus. He is also a "Thousand Talents Program" Professor in the School of Environment at Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. He received his BS, MS and PhD degrees from Tsinghua University and conducted his postdoctoral studies at University of Massachusetts at Amherst.

Contributors:

Michael J. Plewa, Elizabeth D. Wagner, Cristina Postigo, Clara H. Jeong, Susan D. Richardson, Elizabeth D. Wagner, Michael J. Plewa, Jane Ellen Simmons, Damià Barceló, Jiaqi Liu, Xiangru Zhang, Yu Li, Paolo Roccaro, Federico G. A. Vagliasindi, Gregory V. Korshin, Jinwei Zhang, David Hanigan, Ruqiao Shen, Susan Andrews, Pierre Herckes, Treavor H. Boyer, Chih-Fen Tiffany Lee, Stuart W. Krasner, Michael J. Sclimenti, Matthew Prescott, Yingbo C. Guo, Deborah Liew, Julie Culbert, Kathryn Linge, Maria José Farré, Nicole Knight, Jim Morran, David Halliwell, Gayle Newcombe, Jeffrey W. A. Charrois, Meric Selbes, Malcolm Glenn, Chao Chen, David Hanigan, Xiaobin Liao, Jun Wang, Xiaojian Zhang, I. H. (Mel) Suffet, Stuart W. Krasner, Susan D. Richardson Cristina Postigo, Meric Selbes, Junhong Shan, S. Sule Kaplan Bekaroglu, T. W. Ng, B. Li, A. T. Chow, P. K. Wong, John D. Sivey, Mark A. Bickley, Daniel A. Victor, Hamed Majidzadeh, Jun-Jian Wang, Alex T. Chow, Kuo-Pei Tsai, Mary-Frances Rogers, Francisco Diaz, Wenhai Chu, Naiyun Gao, Yang Deng, Xin Li, Christelle Legay, Patrick Levallois, Rocio Aranda-Rodriguez, Luda Dabeka, Joan Hnatiw, Manuel J. Rodriguez, Baiyang Chen, Xiaoqi Guo, Zhong Tang, Wenbiao Jin, Hao L. Tang, Ricky J. Ristau II, Amer Kanan, Meric Selbes, C. Zwiener and C. Schmalz