Principles and Practice of Regional Anaesthesia
Fourth Edition
Dr Graeme McLeod, Dr Colin McCartney, and Prof Tony Wildsmith
Editorial Board
Dr Graeme McLeod, Consultant Anaesthetist and Clinical Reader in Anaesthesia, University Department of Anaesthetics, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK, Dr Colin McCartney, Staff Anesthesiologist and Associate Professor, Department of Anaesthesia, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, and Prof Tony Wildsmith, Emeritus Professor of Anaesthesia, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
Contributors:
Nigel M Bedforth BMBS BMedSci FRCA
Consultant Anaesthetist & Honorary Special Lecturer
Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, UK
W Alistair Chambers MD MEd FRCA FRCPEd
Consultant & Honorary Professor of Anaesthesia,
Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
Matthew R Checketts MBChB FRCA
Consultant Anaesthetist,
Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
Lesley A Colvin BSc MBChB PhD FRCA FFPMRCA
Consultant in Anaesthesia & Pain Medicine
Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
Catriona Connolly MBChB FRCA
Consultant Anaesthetist,
Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
George A Corner PhD
Professor & Head of Instrumentation, Department of Medical Physics
Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
David M Coventry MBChB FRCA
Consultant Anaesthetist
Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
Edward Doyle MD FRCA
Consultant Paediatric Anaesthetist
Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
H Barrie J Fischer MBChB FRCA
Consultant Anaesthetist
The Alexandra Hospital, Redditch, UK
Andreas Goebel PhD MSc FRCA
Senior Lecturer in Pain Medicine
University of Liverpool, Liverpool UK
Calum Grant MBChB FRCA
Consultant Anaesthetist
Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
Stuart A Grant MBChB FRCA
Professor of Anesthesiology
Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
Jonathan G Hardman BMedSci(Hons) BMBS DM FANZCA FRCA
Associate Professor & Reader in Anaesthesia & Critical Care
University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Dominic Harmon MD FCARCSI
Professor of Anaesthesia & Consultant in Pain Medicine
Mid-Western Regional Hospitals & University of Limerick, Ireland
Stephen Hickey MBChB FRCA
Consultant & Honorary Senior Lecturer in Anaesthesia
Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
Colin J.L. McCartney MBChB FCARCSI FRCA FRCPC
Staff Anesthesiologist & Associate Professor
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre & University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
John H McClure BSc(Hons) MBChB FRCA
Retired Consultant Anaesthetist
The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
Jonathan McCormack
Consultant in Paediatric Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Retrieval
Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
John G McDonnell MBChB FCARCSI
Consultant Anaesthetist
Galway University Hospitals & National University of Ireland, Galway, Eire
Graeme A McLeod MD MRCGP FRCA FFPMRCA
Consultant & Clinical Reader in Anaesthesia
Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
Hamish McLure MBChB FRCA
Consultant Anaesthetist
St James's University Teaching Hospital, Leeds, UK
Alastair F Nimmo MBChB FRCA FFPMRCA
Consultant & Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer in Anaesthesia
The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
Susan M Nimmo BSc(Hons) MBChB(Hons) MRCP FRCA
Consultant & Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer in Anaesthesia
Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
Ian G Parkin MBChB
Professor of Applied Clinical Anatomy
Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
Jennifer M Porter MD FCARCSI
Consultant Anaesthetist
St James's Hospital, Dublin, Eire
Stephen Roberts MBChB FRCA(Hons)
Consultant Paediatric Anaesthetist
Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
Nicholas B Scott MBChB FFARCSI FRCSEd
Lead Clinician for Pain Services
Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, UK
Michael G Serpell MBChB FRCA FFPMRCA
Consultant & Senior Lecturer in Anaesthesia
Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
Neil G Smart BSc(Hons) MBChB FFARCSI
Consultant & Honorary Senior Lecturer in Anaesthesia
Victoria Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
Gary R Strichartz BS AM(Hons) PhD
Professor of Anesthesia (Pharmacology)
Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
Geoffrey T Tucker BPharm PhD FRCPEd FRCA FFPM
Emeritus Professor of Clinical Pharmacology
University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
Bernadette Th Veering MD PhD
Staff Anaesthesiologist
Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Cameron J Weir BSc(Hons) MBChB FRCA PhD
Consultant Anaesthetist & Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer
Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
Jonathan B Whiteside MBChB FRCA
Consultant Anaesthetist
Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, UK
J A W Wildsmith MD FRCA FRCPEd FRCSEd FDSRCSEng
Emeritus Professor of Anaesthesia
University of Dundee, Dundee, UK