Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles Marmar

Presents an up-to-date, thorough, and comprehensive overview of our current understanding of PTSD
Authored and edited by the field's leading experts
Covers all evidence-based treatments for PTSD, including psychopharmacological agents as well as individual psychotherapies

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles Marmar

Description

This volume brings together the leaders in the field of PTSD research to present an up-to-date summary and understanding of this complex disorder. All of our current knowledge and controversies concerning the diagnosis, epidemiology, course, pathophysiology and treatment are described in detail. The evidence for efficacy for each of the different forms of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy is reviewed. Particular attention is paid to at-risk groups, including minorities, and coverage of PTSD throughout the world is reviewed as well. The authors present state-of-the-art findings in genetics, epigenetics, neurotransmitter function and brain imaging to provide the most current and comprehensive review of this burgeoning field.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles Marmar

Section I: History and Nosology of PTSD
1. Conceptual History of PTSD
Arieh Y. Shalev and Charles R. Marmar
2. DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for PTSD
Frank Weathers
3. Measures of PTSD Symptom Severity
Kelly S. Parker-Builbert, Samantha S. Moshier, Brian P. Marx, and Terrence M. Keane
4. PTSD and Traumatic Brain Injury
Richard Bryant
5. PTSD and Medical Illness
Peter Roy-Byrne and Murray B. Stein
6. PTSD and Neurodegenerative Disorders
David Lowenstein
Section II: Epidemiology of PTSD
7. Trauma and PTSD in the United States
Ronald Kessler
8. Trauma and PTS in Europe
Sebastian Trautmann and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
9. PTSD in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Soraya Seedat and Sharain Suliman
10. PTSD and War
Gary H. Wynn, David M. Benedek, Joshua C. Morganstein, and Robert J. Ursano
11. PTSD Associated With Disaster
Carol North
12. PTSD in Children
Zelde Espinel and Jon Shaw
13. PTSD and Women
Sara Kornfield and C. Neil Epperson
14. PTSD in LGBT Populations
Andrew Wawrzyniak
Section III: Pathophysiology in PTSD
15. Executive Function in PTSD
Jennifer Newman and Charles Marmar
16. PTSD and Cognition
Phillip D. Harvey and Felicia Gould
17. Epigenetics and PTSD
Michael Meaney and Rachel Yehuda
18. Structural and Functional Brain Imaging
Aaron Heller
19. Neurobiological Pathways Involved In Fear, Stress, and PTSD
Christine Heim, KatharinaSchultebraucks, Charles R. Marmar, and Charles B. Nemeroff
20. Neuroendocrinology
Rachel Yehuda
21. Psychoneuroimmunology of PTSD
Carmine Pariente and Becky Bind
22. The Psychophysiology of PTSD
Suzanne L. Pineles and Scott Orr
23. Sleep and PTSD
Tom Mellman
24. Animal Models for PTSD
Elizabeth Perkins, Shaun Brothers, and Charles Nemeroff
Section IV: Risk Factors
25. Child Abuse and Neglect as Risk Factors for PTSD
Nils C. Westfall and Charles B. Nemeroff
26. Genetic Approaches to PTSD
Guia Guffanti, Milissa L. Kaufman, Lauren A. M. Lebois, and Kerry J. Ressler
27. Multigenerational Legacies of Trauma
Yael Danieli and Brian Engdahl
28. PTSD and Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorders
Amanda K. Gilmore, Kaitlin E. Bountress, Emma L. Barrett, Sudie E. Back, and Kathleen T. Brady
29. Ethnicity
Nnamdi Pole
Section V: Treatment
30. Prolonged Exposure Therapy for PTSD
Lily A. Brown, David Yusko, Hallie Tannahill, and Edna B. Foa
31. Psychotherapy: Cognitive Processing Therapy
Patty Resick and Candice Monson
32. Psychotherapy: Psychodynamic
Glen O. Gabbard
33. Group Therapy
Denise Sloan
34. Antidepressants
Nastassja Koen, T. Amos, J. Ipser, and Dan J. Stein
35. Pharmacologic Treatment of Nightmares, Sleep Disturbance, and Daytime Hyperarousal in PTSD
Rebecca C. Hendrickson and Murray Raskind
36. Antipsychotics
Henry A. Nasrallah
37. Prevention of PTSD
Arieh Y. Shalev, Anna C. Barbano, Wei Qi and Charles R. Marmar
38. The Role of Gluccocorticoids in the (Mal)adaptive Response to Traumatic Experience
Hagit Cohen and Joseph Zohar
39. Neuromodulation Methods in PTSD
Doron Todder, Keren Avirame, and Hagit Cohen
40. Investigational Agents
John Krystal and Benjamin Kelmendi
41. Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Emmeline Edwards

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles Marmar

Author Information

Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff, Prof., University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and Edited by Charles Marmar, Prof., New York University

Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff Leonard Miller Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Edited by Charles R. Marmar Lucius N. Littauer Professor, Chair, Department of Psychiatry, Director, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury Faculty member, Neuroscience Institute, Faculty member, NYU College of Global Public Health, New York University School of Medicine

Contributors:

Chadi Abdallah, MD
Clinical Neuroscience Division
VA National Center for PTSD
West Haven Department of Psychiatry
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, CT

Thomas G. Adams, PhD
Clinical Neuroscience Division
VA National Center for PTSD
West Haven Department of Psychiatry
Yale University School of Medicine

T. Amos, MA
Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health
University of Cape Town
Cape Town, South Africa

Keren Avirmame
Neuroclinic Health Center
Ramat Gan, Israel

Sudie E. Back, PhD
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, SC

Emma L. Barrett, PhD
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, SC

Rebecca Hannah Bind, BA
Department of Psychological Medicine
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience
King's College London
London, UK

Kaitlin E. Bountress, PhD
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, SC

Kathleen T. Brady, MD, PhD
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, SC

Shaun P. Brothers, PhD
University of Miami
Miami, FL

Lily A. Brown, PhD
Assistant Professor of Psychology
Center for the treatment and Study of Anxiety
University of Pennsylvania
Perelman School of Medicine
Philadelphia, PA

Richard A. Bryant, PhD
Scientia Professor
School of Psychology
University of New South Wales
Sydney, NSW, Australia

Hagit Cohen, PhD
Ministry of Health
Anxiety and Stress Research Unit
Faculty of Health Sciences
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Beer Sheva, Israel

Rosie E. Curiel, PsyDW
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Center on Aging
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Miami, FL

Yael Danieli, PhD
Cofounder, Director, and Psychotherapist
Group Project for Holocaust Survivors and their Children
Clinical Psychologist, Private Practice
New York, NY

Kirsten H. Dillon, PhD
Clinical Associate
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Duke University School of Medicine
Durham, NC

Emmeline Edwards, PhD
Director
Division of Extramural Research
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD

C. Neill Epperson, MD
Professor of Psychiatry
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA

Zelde Espinel, MD, MPH
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Miami, FL

Irina Esterlis, PhD
Clinical Neuroscience Division
VA National Center for PTSD
West Haven Department of Psychiatry
Yale University School of Medicine

Edna B. Foa, PhD
Professor of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry
Director, Center for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA

Glen O. Gabbard, MD
Clinical Professor of Psychiatry
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, TX

Amanda K. Gilmore
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, SC

Felicia Gould, PhD
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Miami, FL

Kelly S. Parker-Guilbert, PhD
VA Boston Healthcare System
Research Service
Boston, MA

Guia Guffanti, PhD
McLean Hospital
Belmont, MA
Department of Psychiatry
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA

Ronald C. Kessler, PhD
McNeil Family Professor of Health Care Policy
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA

Ilan Harpaz-Rotem, PhD
Clinical Neuroscience Division
VA National Center for PTSD
West Haven Department of Psychiatry
Yale University School of Medicine

Philip D. Harvey, PhD
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Research Service, Miami VA Medical Center
Miami, FL

Aaron S. Heller, PhD
Departments of Psychology & Psychiatry
University of Miami
Miami, FL

J. Ipser, PhD
Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health
University of Cape Town
Cape Town, South Africa

Milissa L. Kaufman, MD, PhD
McLean Hospital
Belmont, MA
Department of Psychiatry
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA

Terence M. Keane, PhD
VA Boston Healthcare System
Research Service
VA National Center for PTSD
Boston University School of Medicine
Boston, MA

Benjamin Kelmendi, MD
Clinical Neuroscience Division
VA National Center for PTSD
West Haven Department of Psychiatry
Yale University School of Medicine

Nastassja Koen, MBChB
Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health
University of Cape Town
South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders
Cape Town, South Africa

Sara Kornfield, PhD
Clinical Psychologist
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA

John H. Krystal, MD
Clinical Neuroscience Division
VA National Center for PTSD
West Haven Department of Psychiatry
Yale University School of Medicine

Lauren A. M. Lebois, PhD
McLean Hospital
Belmont, MA
Department of Psychiatry
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA

David A. Loewenstein, PhD
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Center on Aging
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Miami, FL

Brian P. Marx, PhD
VA Boston Healthcare System
Research Service
VA National Center for PTSD
Boston University School of Medicine
Boston, MA

Michael J. Meaney, CM, CQ, FRSC, PhD
Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology
Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health
Department of Psychiatry
McGill University
Douglas Mental Health University Research Centre
Montreal, QC, Canada
Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore

Thomas A. Mellman, MD
Director, Center for Clinical and Translational Research and Stress/Sleep Studies Program
Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine
Howard University College of Medicine
Washington, DC

Candice M. Monson, PhD
Professor of Psychology
Ryerson University
Toronto, ON, Canada

Samantha J. Moshier, PhD
VA Boston Healthcare System
Research Service
Boston, MA

Henry A. Nasrallah, MD
Professor and Chair
Department of psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience
Saint Louis University School of Medicine
Saint Louis, MO

Jennifer Newman, PhD
Research Assistant Professor, Clinical Director
The Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury
Department of Psychiatry
NYU Langone Medical Center
New York, NY

Carol S. North, MD, MPE, DFAPA
Medical Director of The Altshuler Center for Education & Research of Metrocare Services
The Nancy and Ray L. Hunt Chair in Crisis Psychiatry
Professor of Psychiatry
Director of the Division of Trauma and Disaster
Department of Psychiatry a
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, TX

Scott P. Orr, PhD
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA

Carmine M. Pariante, MD, PhD, FRCPsych
Department of Psychological Medicine
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience
King's College London
London, UK

Elizabeth C. Perkins, MD
University of Miami
Miami, FL

Suzanne L. Pineles, PhD
Center for PTSD Women's Health Sciences Division
VA Boston Healthcare System
Boston University School of Medicine
Boston, MA

Nnamdi Pole, PhD
Professor of Psychology
Chair of Smith College Institutional Review Board
Smith College
Northampton, MA

Arlene Raffo, PsyD
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Center on Aging
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Miami, FL

Murray A. Raskind, MD
VISN-20 Northwest Network Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)
VA Puget Sound Health Care System
Seattle, WA

Eve Reider, PhD
Program Officer
Clinical Research Branch
Division of Extramural Research
National Center for Complementary
and Integrative Health (NCCIH)
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD

Patricia A. Resick, PhD
Professor in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Duke University School of Medicine
Durham, NC

Kerry J. Ressler, MD, PhD
McLean Hospital
Belmont, MA
Department of Psychiatry
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA

Peter Roy-Byrne, MD
University of Washington
Seattle, WA

Samir Sabbag, MD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychiatry
Associate Program Director, Psychiatry Residency Training Program
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Miami, FL

Priyanka Sarihan, MD
Department of Psychiatry and behavioral Neuroscience
Saint Louis University School of Medicine
Saint Louis, Missouri

Paula P. Schnurr, PhD
National Center for PTSD
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
Hanover, NH

Soraya Seedat, MBChB, MMed
Department of Psychiatry
Stellenbosch University
Cape Town, South Africa

Jon A. Shaw, MD, MS
Professor, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Miami, FL

Denise M. Sloan, PhD
National Center for PTSD
VA Boston Healthcare System
Boston University School of Medicine
Boston, MA

Steve Southwick, MD
Clinical Neuroscience Division
VA National Center for PTSD
West Haven Department of Psychiatry
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, CT

Dan J. Stein, BSc, MB, ChB, FRCPC, FRSSAf, PhD
Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health
University of Cape Town
South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders
Cape Town, South Africa

Murray B. Stein, MD, MPH
University of California, San Diego
VA San Diego Healthcare System
San Diego, CA

Sharain Suliman, MA
Department of Psychaitry
Stellenbosch University
Cape Town, South Africa

Hallie Tannahill, BA
Department of Psychology
College of Education and Human Services
Utah State University
Logan, UT

Doron Todder, MD, PhD
Beer Sheva Mental Health Center
Zlotovsky Center for Neuroscience
Ben-Gurion University
Beer Sheva, Israel
Neuroclinic Health Center
Ramat Gan, Israel

Sebastian Trautmann, PhD
Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy
Technische Universität Dresden

Andrew J. Wawrzyniak, PhD
Research Assistant Professor of Health Psychology
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Miami, FL

Wendy Weber, MD, PhD, MPH
Branch Chief
Clinical Research Branch
Division of Extramural Research
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD

Nils C. Westfall, MD
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
University of Miami
Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine
Miami, FL

Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, PhD
Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy
Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies
Technische Universität Dresden

Rachel Yehuda, PhD
Traumatic Stress Studies Division
Department of Psychiatry
Fishberg Department of Neuroscience
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
New York, NY
PTSD program, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Bronx, NY

David Yusko, PsyD
Associate Director
Center for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA

Joseph Zohar, MD
Division of Psychiatry
The State of Israel Ministry of Health
The Chaim Sheba Medical Center
Sackler Medical School
Tel-Aviv University
Tel Hashomer, Israel