Pediatric Radiology

Edited by Janet Reid, MD, FRCPC, William Davros, Angelisa Paladin, Edward Lee, and Caroline Carrico

Rotations in Radiology

Concise, topically focused chapters offer quick review of clinical problem
Incorporates applied physics (as recently mandated by the American Board of Radiology)
Includes over 600 images
Designed to be read cover-to-cover during a pediatric rotation as well as used for ongoing clinical reference

Pediatric Radiology

Edited by Janet Reid, MD, FRCPC, William Davros, Angelisa Paladin, Edward Lee, and Caroline Carrico

Description

Presented in a concise and readable format, Pediatric Radiology provides a comprehensive review of 120 pathologies commonly encountered by practicing radiologists and residents. As part of the Rotations in Radiology series, this volume offers a guided approach to imaging diagnosis with a constant depth of coverage, a structured template, and incorporation of applied physics, distinguishing it from other texts in the field. A definition is given for each pathology in this volume, followed by: demographics, clinical presentation, imaging modalities and features, imaging algorithm, applied physics, differential diagnoses and pitfalls, and a bulleted summary of key points. Designed for point-of-care use while training on a specific rotation, as well as for exam review and ongoing reference, Pediatric Radiology is the perfect tool to impart to residents, as well as to refresh for practitioners, the essential facts of common pathologies and the various modalities used to interpret them.

Pediatric Radiology

Edited by Janet Reid, MD, FRCPC, William Davros, Angelisa Paladin, Edward Lee, and Caroline Carrico

Rotations in Radiology

Section 1: Airway
1. Epiglottis
2. Croup
3. Exudative Tracheitis
4. Retropharyngeal Abscess
5. Vascular Ring
6. Tracheobronchial Foreign Body

Section 2: Chest
7. Aspiration Pneumonia
8. Foregut Malformations
9. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
10. Surfactant Deficiency Disease
11. Neonatal Pneumonia
12. Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
13. Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
14. Chronic Lung Disease of Prematurity
15. Infection
16. Mediastinal Masses

Section 3: Cardiac
17. Left-Right Shunts (Acyanotic)
18. Tetralogy of Fallot
19. Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
20. Transposition of the Great Arteries
21. Truncus Arteriosus
22. Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
23. Left Coronary Artery Anomalous Origin
24. Myocarditis
25. L-Transposition of the Great Arteries
26. Aortic Coarctation
27. Scimitar Syndrome

Section 4: Gastrointestinal
28. Midgut Volvulus
29. Duodenal Atresia and Duodenal Stenosis
30. Jejunoileal Atresia
31. Low Intestinal Obstruction
32. Meconium Peritonitis
33. Necrotizing Enterocolitis
34. Esophageal Atresia and TE Fistula
35. Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
36. Appendicitis
37. Ileocolic Intussusception (Idiopathic)
38. Liver Masses
39. Bilary Atreia
40. Choledochal Cyst
41. Neutropenic Colitis
42. Pseudomembranous Colitis
43. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
44. Gastrointestinal Duplication Cysts
45. Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

Section 5: Genitourinary
46. Vesicoureteral Reflux
47. Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
48. Ureteropelvic Duplications
49. Renal Ectopia and Fusion
50. Posterior Urethral Valves
51. Urachal Abnormalities
52. Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney
53. Polycystic Renal Disease, Recessive
54. Polycystic Renal Disease, Dominant
55. Wilm Tumor
56. Hydrometrocolpos
57. Neonatal Adrenal Hemorrhage
58. Neuroblastoma
59. Rhabdomyosarcoma Genitourinary
60. Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
61. Ovarian Torsion
62. Epdidymoorchitis
63. Testicular Torsion
64. Pyelonephritis
65. Bladder Exstrophy/Caudal Regression

Section 6: Musculoskeletal
66. Fractures
67. Osteomyelitis and CRMO
68. Ewing Sarcoma
69. Osteocarcoma
70. Musculoskeletal Leukemia
71. Osteoid Osteoma
72. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
73. Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
74. Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
75. Achondroplasia
76. Osteogenesis Imperfecta
77. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
78. VACTERL Association
79. Tarsal Coalition
80. Rickets
81. Fibromatosis Colli
82. Osteochondritis Dissecans
83. Multiple Familial Osteochondromas
84. Jeune's Dysplasia
85. Cleidocranial Dysplasia
86. Bowing/Blount Disease

Section 7: Neurological
87. Dandy Walker Malformation
88. Chiari Malformations
89. Encephaloceles
90. Holoprosencephaly
91. Hemimegalencephaly
92. Occult Spinal Dysraphism
93. Neurofibromatosis
94. Tuberous Sclerosis
95. TORCH Infections
96. Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
97. Leukodystrophies
98. Mitochondrial Encephalopathies
99. Atlano-Axial Injuries
100. Dermoid and Epidermoid Cyst
101. Brain Stem Tumors
102. Cerebella Region Tumor
103. Other Brain Tumors
104. Spinal Cord Astocytoma
105. Hypoxic Ischemic Injury
106. Vein of Galen Malformation
107. Choanal Atresia
108. Otic Capsule Dysplasias
109. Branchial Cleft Malformations
110. Orbital Cellulitis
111. Retinoblastoma
112. Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

Section 8: Systemic Disease
113. Sickle Cell
114. Cystic Fibrosis
115. Child Abuse - Skeletal
116. Child Abuse - Thoracic/Abdominal
117. Child Abuse - Brain/Head
118. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
119. Vascular Malformations
120. Vascular Tumors

Pediatric Radiology

Edited by Janet Reid, MD, FRCPC, William Davros, Angelisa Paladin, Edward Lee, and Caroline Carrico

Rotations in Radiology

Author Information

Janet R. Reid, MD, FRCPC is an Associate Professor of Radiology at The University of Pennsylvania, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
EYL: Assistant Professor of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. AP: Associate Professor of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital and Residency Director for Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington. CC: Associate Professor of Radiology and Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine. WD: Section Head of Medical Physics and Staff Physicist in the Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveleand Clinic.

Contributors:

Adebunmi O. Adeyiga

Michael E. Arch, MD
Department of Pediatric Radiology
Chris Evert Children's Hospital
Broward Health Medical Center
Fort Lauderdale, Florida

Joao Amaral, MD
Assistant Professor of Medical Imaging
University of Toronto
The Hospital for Sick Children
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Paul Babyn, MDCM, FRCPC
Department of Medical Imaging
University of Saskatchewan
Saskatoon Health Region Royal University Hospital
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

Zachary D. Bailey, MD
Department of Radiology
University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine
Kansas City, Missouri

Gerald Behr, MD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Radiology
Columbia University
Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital
New York, New York

Linda Bloom, MD
Department of Pediatrics
Stony Brook University School of Medicine
Stony Brook University Hospital
Stony Brook, New York

Lorna Browne, MB, FFRRCSI
Assistant Professor of Pediatric Radiology
Children's Hospital Colorado
Aurora, Colorado

Christopher Ian Cassady, MD, FRANZCR
Associate Professor of Radiology
Baylor College of Medicine
Texas Children's Hospital
Houston, Texas

Varghese P. Cherian, MD, MS
Assistant Professor of Radiology and Emergency Medicine
Stony Brook University School of Medicine
Stony Brook University Hospital
Stony Brook, New York

Eric Chong, MD
Department of Radiology
Hospital del Niño
Republic of Panama

Jamie L. Coleman, MD
Assistant Member
Department of Radiological Sciences
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
Memphis, Tennessee

Gabriella L. Crane, MD
Assistant Professor of Radiology and Pediatrics
Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee

Amy N. Dahl, MD
Assistant Professor of Radiology
University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine
Children's Mercy Hospital
Kansas City, Missouri

Kassa Darge, MD, PhD
Professor of Radiology
University of Pennsylvania
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Christopher A. Daub, MD
Department of Radiology
University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine
Children's Mercy Hospital
Kansas City, Missouri

Melissa A. Daubert, MD
Department of Cardiology
Stony Brook University School of Medicine
Stony Brook University Hospital
Stony Brook, New York

Julianne Dean, DO
Department of Radiology
University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine
Children's Mercy Hospital
Kansas City, Missouri

Adam Delavan
Department of Radiology
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Children's Hospital Colorado
Aurora, Colorado

Stephen L. Done, MD
Clinical Associate Professor of Radiology and Pediatrics
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, Washington

Scott R. Dorfman MD
Associate Professor of Radiology
Baylor College of Medicine
Texas Children's Hospital
Houston, Texas

L. Todd Dudley, MD
Radiological Associates of Sacramento
Sacramento, California

Alexia M. Egloff, MD
Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology
Children's National Medical Center
Washington, D.C.

Monica Epelman, MD
Associate Professor of Radiology
Florida State University
Nemours Children's Clinic
Orlando, Florida

Eric James Feldmann, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor of Radiology
Stony Brook University School of Medicine
Stony Brook University Hospital
Stony Brook, New York

Laura Z. Fenton, MD
Associate Professor of Radiology
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Children's Hospital Colorado
Aurora, Colorado

Mark R. Ferguson, MD
Assistant Professor of Radiology
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle Children's Hospital
Seattle, Washington

Kristin Fickenscher, MD
Assistant Professor of Radiology
University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine
Children's Mercy Hospital
Kansas City, Missouri

Lynn Ansley Fordham MD, FACR
Associate Professor of Radiology
University of North Carolina School of Medicine
North Carolina Children's Hospital
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Raul Galvez-Trevino, MD, MPH
Valley Radiologists, LTD
Banner Thunderbird Medical Center
Banner Estrella Medical Center
Phoenix, Arizona

John P. Gearhart, M.D.
Professor of Pediatric Urology
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute
Baltimore, Maryland

Rachelle Goldfisher, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatric Radiology
SUNY Downstate Medical Center
Brooklyn, New York

Mark Goldman, MD
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
Stony Brook University School of Medicine
Stony Brook University Medical Center
Stony Brook, New York

R. Paul Guillerman, MD
Associate Professor of Radiology
Baylor College of Medicine
Texas Children's Hospital
Houston, Texas

Julie H. Harreld, MD
Assistant Member
Department of Radiological Sciences
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
Memphis, Tennessee

Jeffrey C. Hellinger, MD, FACC
Associate Professor of Radiology and Pediatrics
Stony Brook University School of Medicine
Stony Brook University Medical Center
Stony Brook, New York

Kailyn Kwong Hing

Terence Hong, MD
Clinical Research Associate
Department of Diagnostic Imaging
The Hospital for Sick Children
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Anna Illner, MD
Assistant Professor of Radiology
Baylor College of Medicine
Department of Pediatric Radiology
Texas Children's Hospital
Houston, Texas

Gisele E. Ishak, MD
Assistant Professor of Radiology
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle Children's Hospital
Seattle, Washington

Ramesh S. Iyer, MD
Assistant Professor of Radiology
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle Children's Hospital
Seattle, Washington

Philip John, MBChB, DCH, FRCR, FRCP(C)
Associate Professor of Diagnostic Imaging
The University of Toronto
The Hospital for Sick Children
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Nadja Kadom, MD
Assistant Professor of Radiology and Pediatrics
The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences
Children's National Medical Center
Washington, D.C.

S. Pinar Karakas-Rothey, MD
Department of Radiology
Oakland Children's Hospital & Research Center
Oakland, California

Geetika Khanna, MD, MS
Associate Professor of Radiology
Washington University School of Medicine
Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology
St Louis, Missouri

Paritosh C. Khanna, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatric Radiology
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle Children's Hospital
Seattle, Washington

Catherine Kier, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Stony Brook University School of Medicine
Stony Brook University Medical Center
Stony Brook, New York

Korgün Koral, MD
Associate Professor of Radiology
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Children's Medical Center
Dallas, Texas

Neha S. Kwatra, MBBS, MD
Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology
Children's National Medical Center
Washington, D.C.

Lisa H. Lowe, MD, FAAP
Professor of Radiology
University of Missouri-Kansas City
Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics
Kansas City, Missouri

Cheng Ting Lin

Emily Maduro, MD
Department of Radiology
Hospital del Niño
Republic of Panama

Ihsan Mamoun, MD
Department of Diagnostic Radiology
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio

Neil Mardis, DO
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine
Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics
Kansas City, Missouri

Charles Mason Maxfield, MD
Associate Professor of Radiology and Pediatrics
Duke University School of Medicine
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

Heather N. McCaffrey, MD
Department of Urology
Stony Brook University School of Medicine
Stony Brook University Medical Center
Stony Brook, New York

Siobhan McGrane, MD
Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Radiology
Children's National Medical Center
Washington, D.C.

Tracey R. Mehlman, MD
Department of Pediatric Radiology
Cleveland Clinic
Imaging Institute
Cleveland, Ohio

Amy R. Mehollin-Ray, MD FAAP
Assistant Professor of Radiology
Baylor College of Medicine
Texas Children's Hospital
Houston, Texas

Himabindu Mikkilineni, MD
Department of Diagnostic Radiology
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio

Stuart Morrison MB, ChB, FRCP
Department of Diagnostic Radiology
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio

Edrise Lobo Mueller, MD
Department of Diagnostic Imaging
The Hospital for Sick Children
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Loren A. Murphy, MD
Department of Pediatrics
Stony Brook University School of Medicine
Stony Brook Long Island Children's Hospital
Stony Brook, New York

Kay L. North, DO
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine
Kansas City, Missouri

Robert C. Orth, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Radiology
Baylor College of Medicine
Texas Children's Hospital
Houston, Texas

Randolph K. Otto, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatric Radiology
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle Children's Hospital
University of Washington Medical Center
Seattle, Washington

Kamaldine Oudjhane, MD MSc
Associate Professor of Radiology
University of Toronto
The Hospital for Sick Children
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Marguerite T. Parisi, MD, MS Ed.
Professor of Radiology
Adjunct Professor of Pediatrics
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle Children's Hospital
Seattle, Washington

Shawn E. Parnell, MD
Assistant Professor of Radiology
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle Children's Hospital
University of Washington Medical Center
Seattle, Washington

Bhairav N. Patel, MD
Austin Radiological Associates
Dell Children's Medical Center
Austin, Texas

Jon Phelan, MD
Department of Radiology
University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine
Kansas City, Missouri

Grace S. Phillips, MD
Associate Professor of Radiology
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle Children's Hospital
Seattle, Washington

Avrum N. Pollock, MD, FRCPC
Associate Professor of Clinical Radiology
University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Michael Poon, MD, FACC, FSCCT
Professor of Radiology, Emergency Medicine, and Medicine
Stony Brook University School of Medicine
Stony Brook University Medical Center
Stony Brook, New York

Sumit Pruthi MB, BS
Assistant Professor of Radiology and Pediatrics
Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee

Monther S. Qandeel, MD
Department of Pediatric Radiology
University of Colorado School of Medicine
The Children's Hospital Colorado
Aurora, Colorado

Ronald A. Rauch, MD
Assistant Professor of Radiology
Baylor College of Medicine
Texas Children's Hospital
Houston, Texas

Alexis B. Rothenberg, MD
Department of Radiology
Stony Brook University School of Medicine
Stony Brook University Medical Center
Stony Brook, New York

Noah D. Sabin, MD, JD
Assistant Member
Department of Radiological Sciences
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
Memphis, Tennessee

Crystal Sachdeva, MD
Department of Internal Medicine - Pediatrics
Stony Brook University School of Medicine
Stony Brook University Medical Center
Stony Brook, New York

Nabile M. Safdar, MD
Department of Musculoskeletal Imaging
Children's National Medical Center
Washington, D.C.

Russell P. Saneto, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology
Adjunct Associate Professor of Pediatrics
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle Children's Hospital
Seattle, Washington

Alan E. Schlesinger, MD
Professor of Radiology
Baylor College of Medicine
Texas Children's Hospital
Houston, Texas

Victor J. Seghers, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Radiology
Baylor College of Medicine
Texas Children's Hospital
Houston, Texas

Laureen M. Sena MD
Assistant Professor of Radiology
Harvard Medical School
Boston Children's Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts

Mohammed B. Shaikh, MD
Department of Radiology
New York University Langone Medical Center
New York, New York

Erjola Shehu, MD
Department of Radiology
Stony Brook University School of Medicine
Stony Brook University Medical Center
Stony Brook, New York

Sudha P. Singh, MBBS, MD
Assistant Professor of Radiology
Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee

Lok Yun Sung, MD
Department of Radiology
Stony Brook University School of Medicine
Stony Brook University Medical Center
Stony Brook, New York

Jonathan O. Swanson, MD
Acting Assistant Professor of Radiology
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle Children's Hospital
Seattle, Washington

Mathew Swerdlow, MD
Department of Radiology
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Children's Hospital Colorado
Aurora, Colorado

Mahesh M. Thapa, MD
Associate Professor of Radiology
Seattle Children's Hospital
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Jason Tsai, MD
Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology
Children's National Medical Center
Washington, D.C.

Unni Udayasankar, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatric Neuroradiology
Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital
Cleveland, Ohio

Neil Vachhani, MD
Department of Pediatric Radiology
Imaging Institute
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio

Alan F. Vainrib, MD
Department of Radiology
Stony Brook University School of Medicine
Stony Brook University Medical Center
Stony Brook, New York

Daniel N. Vinocur, MD
Department of Radiology
Boston Children's Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

C. Anne Waugh Moore, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine
Children's Mercy Hospital
Kansas City, Missouri

Sjirk J. Westra, MD
Associate Professor of Radiology
Harvard Medical School
Pediatric Radiologist
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts

Beverly P. Wood, MD, PhD
Professor Emerita of Radiology and Pediatrics
Keck School of Medicine
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California

Jennifer L. Williams, MD
Assistant Professor of Radiology
Baylor College of Medicine
Texas Children's Hospital
Houston, Texas

Adam Zarchan, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor of Diagnostic Radiology
Kansas University School of Medicine - Wichita
Kansas City, Kansas

Evan J. Zucker, MD
Department of Radiology
Tuft s University School of Medicine
Tufts Medical Center
Floating Hospital for Children
Boston, Massachusetts

Pediatric Radiology

Edited by Janet Reid, MD, FRCPC, William Davros, Angelisa Paladin, Edward Lee, and Caroline Carrico

Rotations in Radiology

Reviews and Awards

"Pediatric Radiology is concisely and clearly written. It is easy to read. The information presented is accurate, up to date, and at a level appropriate to the intended readership." -- Heather Bray, MD, FRCPC, Radiology