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Oxford Textbook of Fundamentals of Surgery

Edited by William E. G. Thomas, Malcolm W. R. Reed, and Michael G. Wyatt

Oxford Textbooks in Surgery

Provides you with practical and reliable essentials on all core training themes
Helps your learning and understanding of the Intercollegiate Surgical Curriculum
International authorship reflects worldwide best-practice in surgery
Richly illustrated four colour content enhances your learning experience
Accompanied by a fully searchable online version giving instant access to the information you need

Oxford Textbook of Fundamentals of Surgery

Edited by William E. G. Thomas, Malcolm W. R. Reed, and Michael G. Wyatt

1. Basic science
1.1 Applied surgical anatomy
1.1.1. Anatomy of the thorax, Vishy Mahadevan
1.1.2. Anatomy of the abdomen, Vishy Mahadevan
1.1.3. Anatomy of the pelvis and perineum, Vishy Mahadevan
1.1.4. Anatomy of the limbs and spine, Vishy Mahadevan
1.1.5. Head and neck anatomy, Vishy Mahadevan
1.1.6. Neuroanatomy, Vishy Mahadevan
1.2 Applied surgical physiology
1.2.1. Introduction to applied surgical physiology, David Adams
1.2.2. Metabolic pathways, nutrition, and abnormalities, Judy Harmey
1.2.3. Blood loss, hypovolaemic shock, and septic shock, Andrew Topping
1.2.4. Fluid and electrolyte balance and replacement: Acid-base balance, Catriona Kelly, Rosalind O' Reilly, and Brian Mullan
1.2.5. Haemostasis and thrombosise, Dermot Cox
1.2.6. Cardiovascular, Aidan Bradford
1.2.7. Respiratory, Aidan Bradford
1.2.8. Gastrointestinal, Aidan Bradford
1.2.9. Urinary, Aidan Bradford
1.2.10. Endocrine, Kamalan Jeevaratnam
1.2.11. Neurology, Kamalan Jeevaratnam
1.3 Applied surgical pharmacology
1.3.1. Essential pharmacology for surgeons, Chris Brearton
1.4 Applied surgical pathology
1.4.1. Pathology, David Lowe
1.5 Applied surgical microbiology
1.5.1. Sepsis, Muhammad Raza
1.5.2. Skin and soft tissue infections, Manjusa Narayan and Jonathan Moore
1.5.3. Healthcare-associated infection, Allison Sykes
1.5.4. Blood borne viruses, Shirelle Burton-Fanning and Sheila Waugh
1.5.5. Asepsis, Louise Hall
1.6 Applied surgical radiology
1.6.1. Plain film radiology for surgeons, Jonathan Spratt
1.6.2. Nuclear medicine for surgeons, Ian Minty
1.6.3. PETCT for surgeons, Ian Minty
1.6.4. MRI for surgeons, Ishmael Chasi
1.6.5. CT for surgeons, Pallavi Mehrotra
1.6.6. Ultrasound for surgeons, Robert Kent
1.6.7. Essential interventional radiology for surgeons, Daniel Kusumawidjaja and Peter A. Gaines
2. Common surgical conditions
2.1 Assessing the acute abdomen
2.1.1. Assessing the acute abdomen, Tom Wiggins and James N. Crinnion
2.2 Abdominal wall and hernias
2.2.1. Abdominal wall and hernias, Peter Sedman
2.3 Upper gastro-oesophageal surgery
2.3.1. Upper gastro-oesophageal surgery, Bill Allum
2.4 Hepato-pancreato-biliary disorders
2.4.1. Hepato-pancreato-biliary disorders, Graeme Poston and Robert Jones
2.5 Colorectal
2.5.1. Colorectal, Adam Kimble and Ken Hosie
2.6 Breast Surgery
2.6.1. Clinical assessment and management of benign breast disease, Amit Goyal and Malcolm Reed
2.6.2. Breast cancer treatment, Amit Goyal and Malcolm Reed
2.6.3. Non-surgical treatment of breast cancer, Mymoona Alzouebi and Matthew Hatton
2.7 Vascular surgery
2.7.1. Chronic arterial insufficiency, Christopher Butler
2.7.2. Acute limb ischaemia, Frank Smith and Timothy Beckitt
2.7.3. Venous and lymphatic disease, Andrew W Bradbury and Katy Darvall
2.7.4. Aneurysms, Rob Sayers and Robert Davies
2.7.5. Transient ischaemic attacks and stroke, Ross Naylor
2.8 Cardiac and pulmonary surgery
2.8.1. Cardiac surgery, Leslie Hamilton
2.8.2. Pulmonary surgery, Sasha Stamenkovic
2.9 Genitourinary surgery
2.9.1. Stones and infections, Neil Burgess
2.9.2. Genitourinary malignancies, Jim Catto and Aidan Noon
2.9.3. Benign prostatic hyperplasis and obstructive uropathy, Mary Garthwaite
2.9.4. Benign scrotal and penile conditions, Ian Eardley
2.10 Orthopaedic surgery
2.10.1. Common fractures and complications, Hemant Sharma and Kevin Sherman
2.10.2. Denererative and inflammatory joint disease, Pierre Nasr and Vikas Khanduja
2.10.3. Bone and joint infections, Jehangir Mahaluxmivala and Daoud Makki
2.10.4. Back pain and sciatica, David Sharp
2.10.5. Malignant and metastatic bone disease, Helen Cattermole
2.11 Skin and soft tissue masses
2.11.1. Benign and malignant skin lesions, Mandeep Kang and David Ward
2.11.2. Soft tissue masses, Mandeep Kang and David Ward
2.12 Head and neck surgery
2.12.1. Benign and malignant lesions of the head and neck, Y Ramakrishnan and Maurice Hawthorne
2.12.2. Upper airway obstruction, Maurice Hawthorne
2.12.3. Ear pain and hearing loss, Maurice Hawthorne
2.13 Neurosurgery
2.13.1. Common neurosurgical emergencies, Ian Sabin and Mark Wilson
2.13.2. Neuro-oncology, Ian Sabin
2.14 Endocrine surgery
2.14.1. Endocrine surgery, Sheila Fraser and Mark Lansdown
2.15 Surgical oncology
2.15.1. Cancer screening, Paul Sutton, Declan Dunne, Anita Hargreaves and Graeme Poston
2.15.2. Principles of surgical oncology, D. Gomes, H.Z. Malik, S. Fenwick and Graeme Poston
2.15.3. Principles of chemotherapy, Robert P. Jones, Derek McWhirter and Graeme Poston
2.15.4. General principles of radiation oncology, Chris D. Lee, Marcel Den Dulk and Arthur Sun Myint
2.15.5. Hormon therapy in cancer, Declan Dunne, Derek McWhirter and Graeme Poston
3 Basic surgical skills
3.1 Principles of safe surgery
3.1.1. Principles of safe surgery, Amitabh Mishra and Peter NcCulloch
3.2 Anaesthetic techniques
3.2.1. Anaesthetic techniques, Stephen Wilson and Daniele Dryden
3.3 Basic surgical techniques
3.3.1. Basic surgical techniques, David Smith and Jamie Young
3.4 Surgical wounds
3.4.1. Surgical wounds, James N Crinnion
3.5 Surgical haemostasis
3.5.1. Surgical haemostasis, Yassar Qureshi and Nigel Tai
3.6 Anatomoses and drains
3.6.1. Anatomoses and drains, Dermot Burke
3.7 Principles of surgical endoscopy and minimal access surgery
3.7.1. Principles of surgical endoscopy and minimal access surgery, Katie Schwab, Deepak Singh-Ranger and Timothy Rockall
3.8 Simulation and assessment
3.8.1. Simulation and assessment, Pram Sirimanna, Grace Lee, Sonal Arora and Rajesh Aggrarwal
4. Assessment and management of the surgical patient
4.1 History taking and information gathering
4.1.1. History taking and information gathering, Michelle Marshall and Caroline Woodley
4.2 Physical examination
4.2.1. Physical examination, Caroline Woodley
4.3 Information sharing
4.3.1. Information sharing, Michelle Marshall
4.4 Surgical consent
4.4.1. Surgical consent, Robbie Lonsdale
5. Peri-operative management
5.1 Pre-operative assessment
5.1.1. Pre-operative assessment, Mireille Berthoud
5.2 Intra-operative Care
5.2.1. Intra-operative Care, David Cressey
5.3 Post-operative Care
5.3.1. Post-operative Care, Gary Mills and Jeremy Groves
5.4 Nutritional management
5.4.1. Nutritional management, Mattias Soop and Gordon Carlson
5.5 Enhanced recovery
5.5.1. Enhanced recovery, Dileep Lobo
5.6 Principles of transfusion and haemostasis
5.6.1. Principles of transfusion and haemostasis, Jeff Garner and Andi Fletcher
5.7 Venous thromboembolism: Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
5.7.1. Venous thromboembolism: Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, David Chadwick and Rob Robinson
5.8 Metabolic and endocrine disorders in the peri-operative period
5.8.1. Metabolic and endocrine disorders in the peri-operative period, David Chadwick and Rob Robinson
6. Assessment and management of patients with major trauma
6.1 Assessment of the multiply injured patient
6.1.1. ABCD of ATLS, Matthew Moran
6.1.2. Triage
6.1.3. Tissue response to injury
6.1.4. Shock
6.1.5. Priorities of care
6.1.6. Adult respiratory distress syndrome
6.2 Principles of management of soft tissue injuries
6.2.1. Skin loss, Nada Al-Hadithy
6.2.2. Burns: classification and princples of management
6.3 The acute management of major/multiple fractures and dislocations
6.3.1. Classification, John Keating
6.3.2. Pathophysiology of fractures
6.3.3. Complications
6.3.4. Joint injuries
6.4 Principles of specific injuries
6.4.1. Trauma of conflict zones, John Clasper
6.4.2. Head and neurological injury, Lynn Myles
6.4.3. Chest injury, Tim Graham
6.4.4. Abdominal injury, Bruce Tulloh
6.4.5. Vascular injury: latrogenic injury including intravascular drug abuse; crush injury and compartment syndrome; tourniquet use; shunts, revascularisation and amputations, Zahid Raza
7. Surgical care of the paediatric patient
7.1 Principles of paediatric
7.1.1. Principles of paediatric, Nicola R.K. Anders
7.2 Principles of child protection and governance
7.2.1. Principles of child protection and governance, Alison Pike
7.3 Common paediatric surgical conditions
7.3.1. Common paediatric surgical conditions, Ross J. Craigie and James A. Morecroft
8. Management of the dying patient
8.1 Management of the dying patient in consultation with the palliative care team
8.1.1. Management of the dying patient in consultation with the palliative care team, Katharine Burke, Bee Wee and William Noble
8.2 Terminal care of the dying patient, supporting their family, and ethical considerations
8.2.1. Terminal Care of the dying patient, supporting their family, and ethical considerations, Katharine Burke, Bee Wee, and William Noble
9. Principles of organ and tissue transplantation
9.1 Organ donation
9.1.1. Organ donation, Chris Callaghan and Pankaj Chandak
9.2 Principles of the transplant immunology
9.2.1. Principles of the transplant immunology, Eleanor Bolton and Andrew Bradley
9.3 Kidney transplantation
9.3.1. Kidney transplantation, Andrew Bradley and M. Nicholson
9.4 Pancreas transplantation
9.4.1. Pancreas transplantation, John Casey
9.5 Liver transplantation
9.5.1. Liver transplantation, Simon Harper and R. Praseedom
10. Evidence based surgery, research, and audit
10.1 Research in surgery
10.1.1. Research in surgery, Alan Montgomery and Jane Blazeby
10.2 Quality improvement
10.2.1. Quality improvement, Rob Bethune and Jane Blazeby
10.3 Statistics for surgeons
10.3.1. Statistics for surgeons, Vimal J Gokani and Matthew J. Bown
Index

Oxford Textbook of Fundamentals of Surgery

Edited by William E. G. Thomas, Malcolm W. R. Reed, and Michael G. Wyatt

Oxford Textbooks in Surgery

Author Information

William E. G. Thomas, Consultant Surgeon and Clinical Director of Surgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK,Malcolm W. R. Reed, Consultant in General Surgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK,Michael G. Wyatt, Consultant in Vascular Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Mr William E. G. Thomas is Consultant Surgeon Emeritus and former Clinical Director of Surgery at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Trust having been appointed in 1986. Mr Thomas have also held the posts of Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer in Surgery, University of Sheffield and past Member of Council and Senior Vice President, of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and past Dean of the Academy of Education of the International Society of Surgery. Mr Thomas was a member of the Founding Council of the Faculty of Medical Leadership and Management, and Founder and Executive Board Member of the International Collaboration for Essential Surgery (ICES).

Mr Malcolm Reed is a Professor of Surgical Oncology and an Honorary Consultant at Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield. He then underwent surgical training in Birmingham, Derby and Bristol before moving to the University of Louisville in the United States to undertake a research MD. He returned to Sheffield and undertook higher surgical training before becoming appointed a Senior Lecturer and Honorary Consultant Surgeon at the Royal Hallamshire Hospital in 1992. He was then appointed to the Foundation Chair in Surgical Oncology at the University of Sheffield in 2000. Subsequent roles included Head of Academic Surgery and Head of the University Department of Oncology. He was appointed Dean of Brighton and Sussex Medical School in 2014 and is currently a member of the Medical Schools Council and an external examiner for the final year medical school exams at the University of Leeds. He has previous held external examinerships at UCL, the University of Nottingham and the University of Kuwait.

Mr Michael Wyatt is an NHS Consultant with a major interest in treating complex thoracic and abdominal aortic disease, using both open and stent graft technologies. Having qualified from Newcastle University, he trained in surgery in Bristol, Plymouth, Exeter and London. Mr Wyatt presents and publishes widely on all aspects of vascular disease, and was the President of the Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland (President, 2015-6). His other external responsibilities are as Treasurer of the British Journal of Surgery Society, Clinical Editor of Surgery, Vice Chair of the Ethics Committee, Chair of the General Surgical Training Committee, Vice Chair of the Vascular Surgery Clinical Reference Group and Chairman of the Society of International Vascular Surgeons. He runs a busy tertiary referral vascular practice at the Freeman Hospital, where he receives referrals from all over the country.

Contributors:

Nada Al-Hadithy, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, UK
William Allum, Academic Department of Surgery, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Mymoona Alzouebi, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Trust, UK
Nicola R.K. Anders, Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, UK
Tim Beckitt, Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Shrewsbury Hospital, UK
Mireille Berthoud, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Rob Bethune, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Jane Blazeby, Centre of Surgical Research, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
Eleanor Bolton, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
Matt Bown, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, UK
John Andrew Bradley, University Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Aidan Bradford, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, UK
Chris Brearton, Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals Trust, UK
Paul Brennan, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Edinburgh/NHS Lothian, UK
Daniele Bryden, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Neil Burgess, Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, UK
Dermot Burke, John Goligher Department of Colorectal Surgery, St James's Hospital, Leeds, UK
Katy Burke, Psychological Medicine Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, UK
Shirelle Burton-Fanning, Virology Department, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Christopher M Butler, Directorate of Surgery, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham, UK
Chris Callaghan, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
John Casey, Transplant Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK
Helen Cattermole, Hull & East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
James Catto, Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, UK
David Chadwick, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, UK
Pankaj Chandak , Transplant and General Surgery, London Deanery, and Guys and St Thomas' and Great Ormond Street Hospitals, London, UK
Ishmael Chasi, University Hospital of North Durham, County Durham and Darlington NHS Trust, UK
Jon Clasper, Royal British Legion Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Imperial College London, UK
Ross J Craigie, Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, UK
David M Cressey, Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Jamie Crinnion, Department of General Surgery, Whipps Cross University Hospital, Bartshealth NHS Trust, London, UK
Katy Darvall, Department of Vascular Surgery, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, UK
Robert S M Davies, Department of Vascular Surgery, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK
Ian Eardley, Department of Urology, St James University Hospital, Leeds, UK
Andrew Fletcher, Department of Haematology, Queen's Centre for Oncology and Haematology, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull, UK
Mark Fordham, Royal Liverpool Hospital, UK
Rosalind Frances O'Reilly, Specialist Trainee Anaesthetics, Northern Ireland Medical and Dental Training Agency, Belfast, UK
Sheila Fraser, Endocrine Surgery Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Jeff Garner, Department of General Surgery, Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Mary Garthwaite, Department of Urology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
Amit Goyal, Department of Surgery, Royal Derby Hospital, UK
Tim Graham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
Louise Hall, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Leslie Hamilton, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Judith H Harmey, Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, UK
Simon Harper, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, UK
Matthew Hatton, Department of Clinical Oncology, Weston Park Hospital , Sheffield, UK
Maurice Hawthorne, ENT Department, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
Ken Hosie, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
Kenneth Hosie, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
Ben Hughes, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, UK
Kamalan Jeevaratnam, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
Mandeep Kang, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK
John Keating, Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK
Catriona Kelly, Belfast City Hospital, UK
Robert D Kent, Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital of North Durhan, UK
Vikas Khanduja, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Adam Kimble, Peninsula Postgraduate Medical Education, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
Daniel Kusumawidjaja, Sheffield Vascular Institute, Northern General Hospital, UK
Mark Lansdown, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
Grace Lee, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
Christopher D Lee, Physics Department, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Wirral, UK
Olle Ljungqvist, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Orebro University, Sweden
Dileep N Lobo, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, UK
Rob Lonsdale, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, UK
David Lowe, The London Clinic, UK
Jehangir Mahaluxmivala, Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust , Harlow, UK
Vishy Mahadevan, Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK
Daoud Makki, St Helens and Knowsley University Hospitals, Prescot, UK
Mike Makris, Sheffield Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, UK
Michelle Marshall, Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK
Pallavi Mehrotra, Sunderland Royal Hospital, UK
Gary H Mills, Critical Care and Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care Unit, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, UK
Ami Mishra, Colorectal and General Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
Jonathan Moore, Department of Medical Microbiology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Matthew Moran, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK
James Morecroft, Consultant Paediatric Surgeon, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Oxford Road, UK
Brian Mullan, Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
Arthur Sun Myint, Papillon Suite, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Wirral, UK
Lynn M. Myles, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
Ross Naylor, Vascular Surgery Group, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK
Bill Noble, Marie Curie Charity Hospices and Nursing Service, London, UK
Simon Noble, Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre, Cardiff University, UK
Aidan Noon, Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Alison Pike, Children's Services, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, UK
Graeme Poston, Department of Surgery, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
Raaj Kumar Praseedom, University Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Zahid Raza, Vascular Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK
Muhammad Waqar Raza, Microbiology Department, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Robert Robinson, Chesterfield Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Timothy Rockall, Minimal Access Therapy Training Unit, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Trust, Guildford, UK
Ian Sabin, London Gamma Knife Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
Rob Sayers, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK
Katie Schwab, Minimal Access Therapy Training Unit, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK
David Sharp, Spinal Unit, Ipswich Hospital, UK
Hemant Sharma, Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Hull Royal Infirmary & Castle Hill Hospital, UK
Sheila Waugh, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Kevin Sherman, Health Education Yorkshire and Humber, Hull, UK
Deepak Singh-Ranger, Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Warwick Hospital, UK
James Singleton, Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Imperial College London, UK
Pramudith Sirimanna, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
David Smith, Department of Surgery, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
Frank CT Smith, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, UK
Hilary Smith, Child and Family Services, Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
Mattias Soop, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
Jonathan Spratt, Sunderland City Hospitals, UK
Steven Stamenkovic, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Allison Sykes, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Nigel Tai, Trauma Service, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, UK
Craig J Taylor, Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK
Andrew Topping, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, UK
Bruce Tulloh, Department of General Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK
David Ward, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK
Bee Wee, University of Oxford, UK
Tom Wiggins, Whipps Cross University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
Mark H Wilson, The Imperial Neurotrauma Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
Stephen Wilson, Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, UK
Caroline Woodley, Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK
Jamie Young, Borders General Hospital, Melrose, UK