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Oxford Textbook of Clinical Nephrology

Fourth Edition

Chief Editor Neil Turner, Edited by Neil N. Turner, Norbert Lameire, David J. Goldsmith, Christopher G. Winearls, Jonathan Himmelfarb, and Giuseppe Remuzzi

Oxford Textbook

Includes a year's access to the online version on Oxford Medicine Online
Couples a practical clinical approach with a learned account of disease pathogenesis and background
Includes contributions from nearly 500 widely respected specialists covering all facets of nephrology
Provides clear presentation of relevant science in appropriate depth alongside important extras such as historical notes
Includes unique sections on rarer clinical problems such as renal manifestations of systemic disease and renal disease in the tropics
Highly illustrated textbook, featuring 1300 full-colour diagrams and photographs

Oxford Textbook of Clinical Nephrology

Fourth Edition

Chief Editor Neil Turner, Edited by Neil N. Turner, Norbert Lameire, David J. Goldsmith, Christopher G. Winearls, Jonathan Himmelfarb, and Giuseppe Remuzzi

Description

This fourth edition of the Oxford Textbook of Clinical Nephrology builds on the success and international reputation of the publication as an important resource for the practising clinician in the field. It provides practical, scholarly, and evidence-based coverage of the full spectrum of clinical nephrology, written by a global faculty of experts.

The most relevant and important reference to clinical nephrology, this is an authoritative and comprehensive textbook combining the clinical aspects of renal disease essential to daily clinical practice with extensive information about the underlying basic science and current evidence available. Each section of the textbook has been critically and comprehensively edited under the auspices of a leading expert in the field.

This new edition has been significantly expanded and reapportioned to reflect developments and new approaches to topics, and includes treatment algorithms to aid and enhance patient care where possible. The fourth edition offers increased focus on the medical aspects of transplantation, HIV-associated renal disease, and infection and renal disease, alongside entirely new sections on genetic topics and clinical and physiological aspects of fluid/electrolyte and tubular disorders. The emphasis throughout is on marrying advances in scientific research with clinical management.

Richly illustrated throughout in full colour, this is a truly modern and attractive edition which reinforces the Oxford Textbook of Clinical Nephrology's position as an indispensable reference work of consistent quality and reliability. Enriched and refined by careful revision, this new edition continues the tradition of excellence.

Oxford Textbook of Clinical Nephrology

Fourth Edition

Chief Editor Neil Turner, Edited by Neil N. Turner, Norbert Lameire, David J. Goldsmith, Christopher G. Winearls, Jonathan Himmelfarb, and Giuseppe Remuzzi

Oxford Textbook

VOLUME 1
Part 1: Assessment of the patient with renal disease
1. Epidemiology of kidney disease, Aminu K. Bello, Marcello Tonelli, and Kitty J. Jager
2. Clinical assessment of the patient with renal disease, Chris Winearls
3. Presentations of renal disease, Chris Winearls
4. Kidney disease focused history taking, Chris Winearls
5. Kidney disease focused features on examination, Chris Winearls
6. Urinalysis, Walter P. Mutter
7. Assessment of renal function, Walter P. Mutter
8. Tubular function, Walter P. Mutter
9. Renal radiology: overview, Michael Weston
10. Ionising radiation and radiation protection, Jeannette Kathrin and Peter Howells
11. Plain radiography, excretion radiography, and contrast radiography, Akira Kawashima and Andrew J. LeRoy
12. Intervention, Steven Kennish
13. Ultrasound, Toby Wells and Simon Freeman
14. Computed tomography, Eugene Teoh and Michael Weston
15. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Kazuhiro Kitajima, Akira Kawashima. and James F Glockner
16. Radioisotopes in diagnostic imaging in nephrology, Ramya Dhandapani and Sobhan Vinjamuri
17. Immunological investigation of the patient with renal disease, Jo H.M. Berden and Jack Wetzels
18. The renal biopsy, Ian Roberts, Phil Mason and Agnes Fogo
19. Clinical trials- how and why in nephrology, Richard Haynes, Martin J Landry, William G Herrington, and Colin Baigent
Part 2: The patient with fluid, electrolyte, and renal tubular disorders
20. An overview of tubular function, Matthew A. Bailey
21. Sodium transport and balance: A key role for the distal nephron, Laurent Schild
22. Water homeostasis, David Marples and Soren Neilson
23. Potassium homeostasis, Alain Doucet and Gilles Crambert
24. Renal acid-base homeostasis, Carsten Wagner and Olivier Devuyst
25. Phosphate homeostasis, Heini Murer, Juerg Biber, and Carsten Wagner
26. Calcium homeostasis, Francesco Trepiccione and Gianni Capasso
27. Magnesium homeostasis, Pascal Houillier
28. Approach to the patient with hyponatraemia, Ewout Hoorn and Bob Zietse
29. Approach to the patient with hypernatraemia, Bob Zietse
30. Approach to the patient with oedema, Jean-Marie Krzesinski and Eric P. Cohen
31. Approach to the patient with salt-wasting, Detlef Bockenhauer and Robert Kleta
32. Approach to the patient with polyuria, Daniel Bichet
33. Clinical use of diuretics, David Ellison and Arohan R. Subramanya
34. Approach to the patient with hypo-/hyperkalaemia, Charles Wingo and I. David Weiner
35. Approach to the patient with metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, Mitch Halperin and Kamel Kamel
36. Approach to the patient with renal tubular acidosis, Stephen Walsh
37. Approach to the patient with hypercalcaemia, Dennis Jose Joseph and Theresa A. Guise
38. Approach to the patient with hypocalcaemia, Agnes Linglart and Anne-Sophie Lambert
39. Approach to the patient with hypo-/hyperphosphataemia, Judith Blaine, Hector Giral-Arnal, Sabina Jelen, and Moshe Levi
40. Approach to the patient with hypomagnesaemia, Martin Konrad and Karl Peter Schlingmann
41. Approach to the patient with renal Fanconi syndrome, glycosuria or aminoaciduria, Detlef Bockenhauer and Robert Kleta
Part 3: The patient with glomerular disease
42. The glomerulus and the concept of glomerulonephritis, Alexander Woywodt and Diana Chiu
43. The renal glomerulus - the structural basis of ultrafiltration, Marlies Elger and Wilhelm Kriz
44. Function of the normal glomerulus, Jean-Claude Dussaule, Martin Flamant, and Christos Chatziantoniou
45. Mechanisms of glomerular injury: overview, Neil Turner
46. The patient with haematuria, John Neary and Neil Turner
47. Loin pain haematuria syndrome, John Neary
48. Nutcracker syndrome and phenomenon, John Neary and Neil Turner
49. Exercise-related pseudonephritis, Neil Turner
50. Proteinuria, Neil Turner and Stewart Cameron
51. Postural proteinuria (Benign orthostatic proteinuria), Neil Turner
52. Nephrotic syndrome, Premil Rajakrishna, Stewart Cameron and Neil Turner
53. Pathophysiology of oedema in nephrotic syndrome, Neil Turner and Premil Rajakrishna
54. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: overview, Patrick Niaudet and Alain Meyrier
55. Minimal change disease: clinical features and diagnosis, Patrick Niaudet and Alain Meyrier
56. Minimal change disease: treatment and outcome, Patrick Niaudet and Alain Meyrier
57. Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS): Clinical features and diagnosis, Patrick Niaudet and Alain Meyrier
58. Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS): Treatment and outcome, Patrick Niaudet and Alain Meyrier
59. Pathogenesis of proteinuria in minimal change disease and FSGS, Patrick Niaudet and Alain Meyrier
60. Membranous glomerulonephritis: overview, Daniel Cattran and Heather Reich
61. Membranous glomerulonephritis: clinical features and diagnosis, Daniel Cattran and Heather Reich
62. Membranous glomerulonephritis: treatment and outcome, Daniel Cattran and Heather Reich
63. Secondary membranous glomerulonephritis, Daniel Cattran and Heather Reich
64. Membranous glomerulonephritis: pathogenesis, Daniel Cattran and Heather Reich
65. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: overview, Kar Nen Lai and Sydney C. W. Tang
66. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: clinical features, Kar Nen Lai and Sydney C. W. Tang
67. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: diagnosis, Kar Nen Lai and Sydney C. W. Tang
68. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: treatment and outcome, Kar Nen Lai and Sydney C. W. Tang
69. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: pathogenesis, Kar Nen Lai and Sydney C. W. Tang
70. Crescentic (rapidly progressive) glomerulonephritis, Neil Turner
71. Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease: overview, Ciao Zhou, Neil Turner, and Ming-hui Zhao
72. Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease: clinical features and diagnosis, Ciao Zhou, Neil Turner, and Ming-hui Zhao
73. Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease: treatment and outcome, Ciao Zhou, Neil Turner, and Ming-hui Zhao
74. Antiglomerular basement membrane disease: pathogenesis, Ciao Zhou, Neil Turner, and Ming-hui Zhao
75. Alport post-transplant antiglomerular basement membrane disease, Neil Turner
76. Post-infectious glomerulonephritis: overview, Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe and Mark Haas
77. Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis, Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe and Mark Haas
78. Immunoglobulin A dominant post-infectious glomerulonephritis, Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe and Mark Haas
79. Glomerulonephritis associated with endocarditis, deep-seated infections and shunt nephritis, Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe and Mark Haas
80. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and C3 glomerulopathy, T. Cook and Daniel Gale
81. Fibrillary and immunotactoid glomerulopathy, Stephen Korbet, Melvin M.Schwartz, and Edmund J. Lewis
82. Drug induced and toxic glomerulopathies, Alexander Woywodt and Diana Chiu
Part 4: The patient with interstitial disease
83. Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis: overview, Richard Baker and B.Chir
84. Drug-induced acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, Hassan Izzedine and Victor Gueutin
85. Other toxic acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, Gregory L. Braden and Benjamin J. Freda
86. Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis: overview, Adalbert Schiller, Adrian Covic, and Liviu Segall
87. Drug-induced chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, Hassan Izzedine and Victor Gueutin
88. Heavy metals-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis, Patrick C D'Haese, Benjamin Vervaet, and A Verhulst
89. Aristolochic acid nephropathy caused by ingestion of herbal medicinal products, Refik Gokmen and Graham Lord
90. Balkan endemic nephropathy, Milan Radovic and Adalbert Schiller
91. Radiation nephropathy, Lisa Phipps and David C. Harris
92. Urate nephropathy, D. H. Kang and M. Kanbay
93. Immune-mediated tubulointerstitial nephritis, Liviu Segall and Adrian Covic
Part 5: The patient with reduced renal function
94. Chronic kidney disease: definition, classification, and approach to management, Ashish Upadyhah, Lesley Inker, and Andrew Levey
95. Chronic kidney disease in the developed world, Morgan Grams and Josef Coresh
96. Chronic kidney disease in developing countries, LuXia Zhang and Haiyan Wang
97. Chronic kidney disease long-term outcomes: progression, death, cardiovascular disease, infections, and hospitalizations, M. Beaulieu, C. Weber, N. Zalunardo and Adeera Levin
98. Cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease: overview, David Goldsmith
99. Recommendations for management of high renal risk chronic kidney disease, Charles Ferro and Khai Ping Ng
100. Hypertension as a cause of chronic kidney disease: what is the evidence?, Teena Tandon and Rajiv Agarwal
101. Diet and the progression of chronic kidney disease, Juan Jesus Carrero, Xu Hong, and Bengt Lindholm
102. Lipid disorders of patients with chronic kidney disease, Alan Jardine and Rajan Patel
103. Smoking in chronic kidney disease, Stephan R. Orth
104. Analytical aspects of measurements and laboratory values in chronic and acute kidney disease, Edmund Lamb and Finlay MacKenzie
105. Effect of lifestyle modifications on patients with chronic kidney disease, Andrew Williams, Robert Fassett, Erin Howden, and Jeff Coombes
106. Malnutrition, obesity, and undernutrition in chronic kidney disease, Naveet Kumar, Peter McCulloch, Heather Henderson, and Beverly D. Cameron
107. Left ventricular hypertrophy in chronic kidney disease, Carmine Zoccali, Francesca Mallamaci, and Davide Bolignano
108. Sudden cardiac death in chronic kidney disease, Reza Hajhosseini, Kaivan Korvath, and David Goldsmith
109. Epidemiology of calcium, phosphate and PTH disturbances in chronic kidney disease, Patrick Biggar, Hansjoerg Rothe, and Markus Ketteler
110. The role of inflammation in chronic kidney disease, Juan Jesus Carrero and Peter Stenvinkel
111. Vascular stiffness in chronic disease - pathophysiology and implications, John Townend and Charles Ferro
112. Oxidative stress and its implications in chronic disease, Nostratoli Vaziri
113. Abnormal endothelial vasomotor and secretory function, Thimoteus Speer and Danilo Fliser
114. Endothelins and their antagonists in chronic kidney disease, Neeraj Dhaun and David Webb
115. Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder: overview, Stuart Sprague and Menaka Sarav
116. Imaging for detection of vascular disease in chronic kidney disease patients, Paulo Raggi and Luis D'Marco Gascon
117. Pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease - mineral and bone disorder, Alexandra Voinescu, Nadia Iqbal and Kevin Martin
118. Management of chronic kidney disease - mineral and bone disorder, Alexandra Voinescu, Kevin Martin, Nadia Iqbal, and David Goldsmith
119. Fibroblast growth factor 23, klotho, and phosphorus metabolism in chronic kidney disease, Orlando Gutierrez
120. Vascular calcification, Adrian Covic, Mugurel Apetrii, Luminita Voroneanu, and David Goldsmith
121. Fractures in patients with chronic kidney disease, Alastair Hutchison and Michael L. Picton
122. Spectrum of bone pathologies in chronic kidney disease, Stuart Sprague and James Pullman
123. Clinical aspects and overview of renal anaemia, Iain Macdougall
124. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in chronic kidney disease, Iain Macdougall and Jolanta Malyszko
125. Iron metabolism in chronic kidney disease, Jolanta Malyszko and Iain Macdougall
126. Iron management in renal anaemia, Iain Macdougall
127. Pleoitropic effects of Vitamin D, Kaivan Khavandi, Halima Amer, Sarah Withers, and Behdad Afzali
128. Immunity, Behdad Afzali and Claudia Kemper
129. The liver and chronic kidney disease, Fabrizio Fabrizi and Michel Jadoul
130. Gastroenterology and renal medicine, Rishi Goel, Kamal Patel, and Terry Wong
131. Cutaneous manifestations of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), Timur A. Galperin, Kieron S. Leslie, and Antonia J. Cronin
132. The patient with reduced renal function: endocrinology, Tomas Agustsson and Paul Carroll
133. Sexual dysfunction, Tomas Agustsson and Paul Carroll
134. Health related quality of life and the patient with chronic kidney disease, Fred Finkelstein and Susan Finkelstein
135. Coagulopathies in chronic kidney disease, Seema Shrivastava, Beverley Hunt, and Tony Dorling
136. Mechanisms of progression of chronic kidney disese- overview, Neil Turner
137. Proteinuria as a direct cause of progression, Jeremy Hughes
138. Nephron numbers and hyperfiltration as drivers of progression, Valerie Luyckx
139. Podocyte loss as a common pathway to chronic kidney disease, Wilhelm Kriz
140. Disordered scarring and failure of repair, Jeremy Duffield
141. Modality selection for renal replacement therapy, Raj Thuraisingham and Cormac Breen
142. Patient education and involvement in pre-dialysis management, Sue Cox and Nicola Thomas
143. Preparation for renal replacement therapy, Muh Geot Wong, Bruce A. Cooper, and Carol A. Pollock
144. Choices and considerations for in-centre versus home based renal replacement therapy, Karthik Tennankore and Chris Chan
145. Conservative care in advanced chronic kidney disease, Aine Burns and Fliss E.M. Murtagh
146. Palliative care in end stage renal disease, Katie Vinen, Fliss E.M. Murtagh, and Irene Higginson
147. Patient selection when resources are limited, Bernadette Thomas and Christopher Blagg
148. Acidosis in chronic kidney disease, Muhammad Magdi Yaqoob
VOLUME 2
Part 6: The patient with another primary diagnosis
149. The patient with diabetes mellitus, Luigi Gnudi, Giorgio Gentile, and Piero Ruggenenti
150. Kidney involvement in plasma cell dyscrasias, Pierre M. Ronco
151. The patient with cryoglobulinaemia, Fabrizio Fabrizi and Patrice Cacoub
152. The patient with amyloidosis, Helen J. Lachmann and Giampaolo Merlini
153. The patient with myeloma, Efstathios Kastritis and M. A. Dimopoulos
154. Light chain deposition disease, Dirk R. J. Kuypers and Morie A. Gertz
155. Other consequences from monoclonal immunoglobulins/fragments: Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis and Acquired Fanconi Syndrome, Fernardo Fervenza, S. Vincent Raj Kumar, and Sethi Sanjeev
156. The patient with sarcoidosis, Ravi Rajakaria and Muhammad Magdi Yaqoob
157. The patient with vasculitis- overview, David Jayne
158. The patient with vasculitis: pathogenesis, Peter Heeringa and Coen A. Stegeman
159. The patient with vasculitis: clinical aspects, Alan Salama
160. The patient with vasculitis: treatment and outcome, Lorraine Harper and David Jayne
161. The patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: overview and pathogenesis, Johan van der Vlag and Jo H.M. Berden
162. The patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical features, investigations, and diagnosis, Marie Condon, Philippa Dodd, and Liz Lightstone
163. The patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: treatment and outcome, Frederic Houssiau
164. The patient with antiphospholipid syndrome with or without lupus, Bassam Alchi and David Jayne
165. The patient with scleroderma-systemic sclerosis, Aine Burns and Bernadette Lynch
166. The patient with rheumatoid arthritis, mixed connective tissue disease, polymyositis, Sjogren syndrome, or overlap syndrome, Lesley-Anne Bissell, Dwomoa Adu, and Paul Emery
167. The patient with sickle cell anemia, Jean-Philippe Haymann and Francois Lionnet
168. The obese patient (metabolic syndrome), Maarit Korkeila, Bengt Lindholm, and Peter Stenvinkel
169. The patient with hepatorenal syndrome, Andres Cardenas and Pere Gines
170. Kidney/ear syndromes, Paul Goodyer
171. Kidney/eye syndromes, Friederike Mackensen, Vedat Schwenger, and Heiko Billing
172. The patient with renal cell cancer, Tim Eisen
173. The patient with Wilms' tumour, Christopher D. Mitchell
174. The patient with haemolytic uraemic syndrome/thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Marina Noris and Tim Goodship
Part 7: The patient with urinary tract infection
175. Urinary tract infection in the adult: overview, Neil Sheerin
176. Infection of the lower urinary tract, Ased Ali and Rob Pickard
177. Upper urinary tract infection, Mark Harber
178. Complicated urinary tract infection, Ased Ali and Rob Pickard
179. Urinary tract infection in a patient with a kidney transplant, Mark Harber
180. Urinary tract infection in infancy and childhood, Heather Lambert
181. Schistosomiasis: the parasite and the host, Rashad Barsoum
182. Schistosomiasis: clinical impact, Rashad Barsoum
Part 8: The patient with infections causing renal disease
183. Malaria, Vinay Sakhuja and Harbir Singh Kohli
184. Leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis, Vinay Sakhuja and Harbir Singh Kohli
185. Hepatitis B, Marion Muche and Seema Baid-Agrawal
186. Hepatitis C, Fabrizio Fabrizi
187. HIV and renal disease, Saraladevi Naicker and Graham Paget
188. Hantaviral infections, Hung-Chun Chen and Jan Clement
189. Dengue and other viral haemorrhagic fevers, Jung-San Chang and Hung-Chun Chen
190. Yellow fever, severe acute respiratory syndrome virus, and H1N1 influenza infections, Norbert Lameire
191. Leptospirosis, Emmanuel A. Burdmann
192. Syphilis, Emmanuel A. Burdmann
193. Rickettsiosis, Emmanuel A. Burdmann and Vivekanand Jha
194. Schistosomiasis, Rashad S. Barsoum
195. Nematode infections, Raja Ramachandran and Vivekanand Jha
196. Mycobacterial infections: tuberculosis, John Eastwood, Catherine M. Corbishley, and John M. Grange
197. Mycobacterial infections: leprosy and environmental mycobacteria, John Eastwood, Catherine M. Corbishley, and John M. Grange
198. Renal involvement in other infections, Raja Ramachandran and Vivekanand Jha
Part 9: The patient with urinary stone disease
199. Epidemiology of nephrolithiasis, Eric Taylor and Gary Curhan
200. Approach to the patient with kidney stones, Bhavna Chopra and Stanley Goldfarb
201. Calcium stones, David A. Bushinsky and Orson Moe
202. Uric acid stones, Michel Daudon and Paul Jungers
203. Cystine stones, Michel Daudon and Paul Jungers
204. Cell biology of nephrocalcinosis/nephrolithiasis, Benjamin A. Vervaet and Marc E. De Broe
205. Medical management of nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis, Bridget Sinnott, Naim Maalouf, Khashayar Sakhaee, and Orson W. Moe
206. Imaging and interventional treatment: urolithiasis from the surgeon>'s point of view, Gauthier Raynal and Olivier Traxer
Part 10: The patient with hypertension
207. The structure and function of renal blood vessels, Karlhans Endlich and Rodger Loutzenhiser
208. Regulation of vasomotor tone in the afferent and efferent arterioles, Karlhans Endlich and Rodger Loutzenhiser
209. Tubuloglomerular feedback and autoregulation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, Karlhans Endlich and Rodger Loutzenhiser
210. The kidney and control of blood pressure, O. Gonzalez-Albarrana and Luis M. Ruilopeb
211. The effect of hypertension on renal vasculature and structure, Ulrich Wenzel, Thorsten Wiech, and Udo Helmchen
212. Ischaemic nephropathy, Helen Alderson, Constantina Chrysochou, James Ritchie, and Philip Kalra
213. Renal artery stenosis: clinical features and diagnosis, James Ritchie, Darren Green, Constantina Chrysochou, and Philip Kalra
214. Renal artery stenosis: diagnosis, James Ritchie, Darren Green, Constantina Chrysochou, and Philip Kalra
215. Renal artery stenosis: management and outcome, James Ritchie, Darren Green, Constantina Chrysochou, and Philip Kalra
216. Malignant hypertension, Caroline Whitworth and Stewart Fleming
217. Resistant hypertension, David Webb and Ian MacIntyre
218. The hypertensive child, Wolfgang Rascher
219. Treatment of hypertension in children, Wolfgang Rascher
Part 11: The patient with acute kidney injury (and critical care nephrology)
220. Definitions, classification, epidemiology, and risk factors of acute kidney injury, Eric AJ Hoste and John A. Kellum
221. Pathophysiology of acute kidney injury, Michael S. Goligorsky and Julien Maizel (with contributions by R Vasko, M Rabadi, and B Ratliff)
222. Clinical approach to the patient with acute kidney injury: diagnosis and differential diagnosis, Norbert Lameire, Raymond Vanholder and Wim Van Biesen
223. The role of novel biomarkers in acute kidney injury, Norbert Lameire
224. Prevention of acute kidney injury: overview, Norbert Lameire
225. Prevention of acute kidney injury: non-pharmacological strategies, Norbert Lameire
226. Prevention of acute kidney injury: pharmacological strategies, Norbert Lameire
227. Prevention of acute kidney injury: drug- and nephrotoxin-induced acute kidney injury, Norbert Lameire
228. Non-dialytic management of the patient with acute kidney injury, Achim Jorres, Dietrich Hasper, and Michael Oppert
229. Fluid overload, Achim Jorres, Dietrich Hasper, and Michael Oppert
230. Electrolyte and acid-base disorders, Achim Jorres, Dietrich Hasper, and Michael Oppert
231. Coagulation disturbances, Achim Jorres, Dietrich Hasper, and Michael Oppert
232. Renal replacement therapy in the patient with acute kidney injury: overview, Jang Won Seo and Ravindra L. Mehta
233. Intermittent acute renal replacement therapy, Mark R Marshall
234. Continuous renal replacement therapy, Miet Schetz and Andrew Davenport
235. Peritoneal dialysis in acute kidney injury, Wim Van Biesen
236. Scoring systems in acute kidney injury patients, Angel Candela, Teresa Tenorio, Aurora Lietor, and Fernando Liano
237. Short and long-term overall outcome and renal prognosis of AKI, Norbert Lameire, Wim Van Biesen, and Raymond Vanholder
238. Overall and renal prognosis of AKI, Norbert Lameire
239. Acute kidney injury in children, Alexander Fichtner and Franz Schaefer
240. Acute kidney injury in the elderly, Dinna N. Cruz, Anna Clementi, and Mitchell H. Rosner
241. Acute kidney injury in the tropics, Vivekanand Jha
242. Acute kidney injury and hantavirus disease, Jan Clement and Piet Maes
243. Community-acquired pneumonia and acute kidney injury, Norbert Lameire
244. Acute kidney injury in severe sepsis, John Prowle and Rinaldo Bellomo
245. Cardiovascular surgery and acute kidney injury, Jeremiah R. Brown and Chirag R. Parikh
246. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury, Douglas Stewart, Gaurav Shah, Jeremiah R. Brown, and Peter A. McCullough
247. Renal failure in cirrhosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment, Vicente Arroyo, Monica Guevara, and Javier Fernandez
248. Acute kidney injury in heart failure, Dinna N. Cruz, Anna Giuliani, and Claudio Ronco
249. Acute kidney injury in pulmonary diseases, Soo Young Yoon and Ravindra L. Mehta
250. Acute kidney injury in pregnancy, Duska Dragun and Bjorn Hegner
251. Acute kidney injury in the cancer patient, Gilbert W. Moeckel, Veena Manjunath, and Mark A. Perazella
252. Acute kidney injury in polytrauma and rhabdomyolysis, Mehmet Sukru Sever and Raymond Vanholder
253. Acute kidney injury in patients with severe burn injury, Nele Brusselaers and Eric AJ Hoste
VOLUME 3
Part 12: The patient on dialysis
254. Uraemic toxins: overview, Griet Glorieux, Nathalie Neirynck, Anneleen Pletinck, Eva Schepers, and Raymond Vanholder
255. Haemodialysis: overview, Jonathan Himmelfarb
256. Haemodialysis: vascular access, Michael Allon
257. Haemodialysis: principles, Claudio Ronco and William R. Clark
258. Haemodialysis: prescription and assessment of adequacy, Scott D. Bieber and Jonathan Himmelfarb
259. Hemodialysis: acute complications, Victor F. Seabra and Bertrand L. Jaber
260. Haemofiltration and haemodiafiltration, Francesco Locatelli, Celestina Manzoni, and Giuseppe Pontoriero
261. Dialysis withdrawal and palliative care, Arkadiy Pinkhasov, Michael J Germain, and Lewis M. Cohen
262. Frequent haemodialysis, Alan S. Kliger and Rita Suri
263. Peritoneal dialysis: overview, Rajnish Mehrotra and Jonathan Himmelfarb
264. Peritoneal dialysis: principles and peritoneal physiology, Joanna Stachowska-Pietka, Jacek Waniewski, and Bengt Lindholm
265. Peritoneal dialysis: adequacy and prescription management, Anjali Bhatt Saxena
266. Peritoneal dialysis: non-infectious complications, Sara Dunsmore and Joanne Bargman
267. Overview of dialysis patient management and future directions, Allen R. Nissenson, John Moran, and Robert Provenzano
268. Cardiovascular complications in end-stage renal disease patients: pathophysiological aspects, Gerard M. London
269. Bacterial and fungal infections in patients on haemodialysis, Laura Labriola, Michel Jadoul, and Eric Goffin
270. Bacterial and fungal infections in patients on peritoneal dialysis, Laura Labriola, Michel Jadoul, and Eric Goffin
271. Virus infections in patients on dialysis, Laura Labriola, Michel Jadoul, and Eric Goffin
272. Cognitive function, depression, and psychosocial adaptation, Manjula Kurella Tamura, Mark L. Unruh, and Ea Wha Kang
273. Volume assessment and management in dialysis, Rajiv Agarwal
274. Nutritional screening and nutritional management in dialysis patients, Carla Maria Avesani, Juan Jesus Carrero, Bengt Lindholm, and Peter Stenvinkel
Part 13: The transplant patient
275. The evolution of kidney transplantation, Peter J Morris and Jeremy R Chapman
276. Pre-transplant assessment of the recipient, Christophe Legendre
277. Organ donation, Thomas Mone
278. Donor and recipient kidney transplantation surgery, Richard DM Allen and Henry CC Pleass
279. Immunology, sensitization, and histocompatibility, Thangamani Muthukumar, Darshana Dadhania, Choli Hartono, Manikkam Suthanthiran, and Choli Hartono
280. Immediate post-transplant care and surgical complications, Simon R Knight and Rutger J Ploeg
281. Immunosuppression, drugs, and protocols, Dirk R J Kuypers and Maarten Naesens
282. Renal transplant imaging, Simon Gruenewald and Philip Vladica
283. Rejection, David N. Rush and Peter W. Nickerson
284. Infection: prophylaxis, diagnosis, and management, Camille Nelson Kotton
285. Cardiovascular disease: prophylaxis, diagnosis, and management, Emily P McQuarrie, Hallvard Holdaas, Bengt Fellstrom, and Alan G Jardine
286. Chronic allograft dysfunction, L.K. Henderson, B.J. Nankivell, and J.R. Chapman
287. Cancer after kidney transplantation, Germaine Wong and Angela C Webster
288. Metabolic bone disease: prophylaxis, diagnosis, and management, Grahame J Elder
289. Recurrent renal disease: prophylaxis, diagnosis, and management, Philip Clayton and Steven Chadban
290. Paediatric renal transplantation, Minnie M. Sarwal and Ron Shapiro
Part 14: Renal disease at different stages of life
291. Growth and development, Lesley Rees
292. The adolescent with renal disease: transition to adult services, Stephen D Marks
293. Contraception in patients with kidney disease, Kate Wiles and Catherine Nelson-Piercy
294. Pregnancy and renal physiology, Kate Bramham and Catherine Nelson-Piercy
295. Pregnancy in patients with chronic kidney disease and on dialysis, Kate Bramham and Catherine Nelson-Piercy
296. Pre-eclampsia and related disorders, Kate Wiles and Catherine Nelson-Piercy
297. Acute renal disease in pregnancy, Kate Wiles and Catherine Nelson-Piercy
298. Specific renal conditions in pregnancy, Kate Bramham and Catherine Nelson-Piercy
299. Pregnancy after renal transplantation, Kate Bramham and Catherine Nelson-Piercy
300. The kidney in ageing: biology, anatomy, physiology, and clinical relevance, Richard J. Glassock and Andrew D. Rule
Part 15: The patient with genetic renal disease
301. Ethical aspects of genetic testing, Frances Flinter
302. Antenatal diagnosis and pre-implantation genetic testing, Frances Flinter
303. The molecular basis of ciliopathies and cyst formation, Wolfgang Kuhn and Gerd Walz
304. The adult with renal cysts, Yves Pirson and Olivier Devuyst
305. The child with renal cysts, Carsten Bergmann, N. Ortis-Bruchle, V. Frank, and Klaus Zerres
306. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: overview, Albert CM Ong and Richard Sandford
307. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: clinical features, Albert CM Ong and Timothy Ellam
308. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: diagnosis, Richard Sandford
309. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: management (including strategies to slow progression), Young-Hwan Hwang and York Pei
310. Management of intracranial aneurysms, Yves Pirson and Dominique Chauveau
311. Management of cystic liver disease, Joost Drenth and Tom Gevers
312. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in children and young adults, Carsten Bergmann and Klaus Zerres
313. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, Carsten Bergmann and Klaus Zerres
314. Bardet-Biedl syndrome and other ciliopathies, Lukas Foggensteiner and Philip Beales
315. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1B, Coralie Bingham
316. Nephronophthisis and medullary cystic kidney disease: overview, John A Sayer
317. Nephronophthisis, John A Sayer and Roslyn J Simms
318. Medullary cystic kidney disease and other autosomal dominant inherited interstitial kidney diseases, John A Sayer
319. Oral-facial-digital type 1 syndrome, Brunella Franco
320. The molecular basis of glomerular basement membrane disorders, Rachel Lennon and Neil Turner
321. Alport syndrome: overview, Laurence Heidet, Bertrand Knebelmann, and Marie Claire Gubler
322. Alport syndrome: clinical features, Laurence Heidet, Bertrand Knebelmann, and Marie Claire Gubler
323. Alport syndrome: diagnosis, Laurence Heidet, Bertrand Knebelmann, and Marie Claire Gubler
324. Alport syndrome: management, Laurence Heidet, Bertrand Knebelmann, and Marie Claire Gubler
325. Thin glomerular basement membrane nephropathy and other collagenopathies, Laurence Heidet, Bertrand Knebelmann, and Marie Claire Gubler
326. Nail patella syndrome, Laurence Heidet and Marie Claire Gubler
327. Molecular basis of nephrotic syndrome, Moin A. Saleem and Corinne Antignac
328. Molecular basis of renal tumour syndromes, Tom Connor and Patrick Maxwell
329. WT1 and its disorders, Nick Hastie and Eve Miller-Hodges
330. Tuberous sclerosis complex renal disease, Bradley P. Dixon, J. Christopher Kingswood, and John J. Bissler
331. Hypoxia-inducible factor and renal disorders, Tom Connor and Patrick Maxwell
332. Von Hippel-Lindau disease, Tom Connor and Patrick Maxwell
333. Molecular basis of complement-mediated renal disease, Nicholas Medjeral-Thomas, Anna Richards, and Matthew C. Pickering
334. Inherited metabolic diseases and the kidney, Robin Lachmann and Elaine Murphy
335. Fabry disease: overview and pathophysiology, Stephen Waldek
336. Fabry disease: clinical features, Stephen Waldek
337. Fabry disease: diagnosis, Stephen Waldek
338. Fabry disease: management and outcome, Stephen Waldek
339. Cystinosis, Elena N. Levtchenko and Mirian C. Janssen
340. Mitochondrial diseases and the kidney, Andrew Hall and Shamima Rahman
341. APOL1 and renal disease, Neil Turner, Teena Tandon, and Rajiv Agarwal
342. MYH9 and renal disease, Neil Turner and Bertrand Knebelmann
Part 16: The patient with structural and congenital abnormalities
343. Human kidney development, Paul Winyard
344. Kidney stem cells, Oren Pleniceanu and Benjamin Dekel
345. Anatomical types of congenital anomalies: overview of obstruction, Michiel Schreuder
346. Renal agenesis, Michiel Schreuder
347. Renal dysplasia, Michiel Schreuder
348. Renal hypoplasia, Michiel Schreuder
349. Normal variation in nephron numbers, Michiel Schreuder
350. Renal tubular dysgenesis, Michiel Schreuder
351. Congenital solitary functioning kidney, Michiel Schreuder
352. Duplex, ectopic, and horseshoe kidneys, Michiel Schreuder
353. Pelviureteric junction obstruction and megaureter, Michiel Schreuder
354. Posterior urethral valves, Michiel Schreuder
355. Vesicoureteric reflux and reflux nephropathy, Heather Lambert
356. The patient with urinary tract obstruction, Muhammad M. Yaqoob, Katherine Bennett-Richards, and Islam Junaid
357. Retroperitoneal fibrosis, Muhammad M. Yaqoob, Katherine Bennett-Richards, and Islam Junaid
358. Branchio-oto-renal syndrome, Udo Vester and Stefanie Weber
359. Townes-Brocks syndrome, Udo Vester and Stefanie Weber
360. Renal coloboma syndrome, Udo Vester and Stefanie Weber
361. Ante- and postnatal imaging to diagnose human kidney malformations, Fred E. Avni, Marie Cassart, Anne Massez, and Michele Hall
Part 17: Drugs and renal disease
362. Drug-induced nephropathies, Anushree Shirali and Mark A. Perazella
363. Drug dosing in chronic kidney disease, Ali J. Olyaei, Ted A. Foster, and Edgar V. Lerma
364. Drug dosing in acute kidney injury, Thomas A. Golper, Andrew A. Udy, and Jeffrey Lipman

Oxford Textbook of Clinical Nephrology

Fourth Edition

Chief Editor Neil Turner, Edited by Neil N. Turner, Norbert Lameire, David J. Goldsmith, Christopher G. Winearls, Jonathan Himmelfarb, and Giuseppe Remuzzi

Oxford Textbook

Author Information

Neil Turner has been Professor of Nephrology at the University of Edinburgh since 1998. After broad experience of general medicine he worked in renal units in Oxford, Hammersmith, and Aberdeen before moving to Edinburgh. His major research and clinical interests are currently in genetic diseases of the glomerular basement membrane, and in paediatric-adult transition. Professor Turner is involved in international educational activities through both Edinburgh University and the International Society of Nephrology. In addition to several projects to give online education to staff, he has led the PatientView project, which gives patients online access to live test results and information about their disease and treatment. In 2011 he founded an online postgraduate Masters course in Internal Medicine in collaboration with the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

Dr. Jonathan Himmelfarb is Director of the Kidney Research Institute, Professor of Medicine, and holds the Joseph W. Eschbach M.D. Endowed Chair in Kidney Research at the University of Washington. He is also President-elect of the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) in 2014-2015. He has served on numerous editorial boards, including the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, Kidney International, Faculty of 1000 in Medicine, and the Faculty of 1000 in Research. Current research interests include studies on a wearable artificial kidney; development of a human 'kidney-on-a-chip', and development and evaluation of risk biomarkers in acute and chronic kidney disease. He leads numerous investigator-initiated clinical trials and cohort studies, as well as multi-center collaborative studies, and has authored more than 200 peer-reviewed publications.

Dr Chris Winearls graduated from the University of Cape Town in 1973. He completed a PhD in transplant immunology at Oxford University before training in nephrology at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School and the Hammersmith Hospital, London, where he was part of the team that investigated the first clinical use of recombinant human erythropoietin. He was appointed consultant nephrologist in Oxford in 1988 and was Clinical Director 1995 to 2009. Dr Winearls is currently a Fellow of Jesus College Oxford and an Hon Senior Lecturer in Medicine at the University of Oxford. His research interests include paraprotein disorders affecting the kidney, ADPKD, The CKD construct and renal anaemia.

With expert input from section editors William G. Bennett, Marc E. De Broe, Jeremy R. Chapman, Adrian Covic, Vivekanand Jha, Neil Sheerin, Robert Unwin and Adrian Woolf.

Contributors:

A Verhulst- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Achim Jörres- Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
Adalbert Schiller- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
Adeera Levin- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Adrian Covic- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
Agnes Fogo- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
Agnes Linglart- Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris Sud, Paris, France
Aine Burn- University College London (UCL) Centre for Nephrology Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free NHS Trust, London, UK
Akira Kawashima- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
Alain Doucet- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
Alain Meyrier- Hopital Avicenne, Universite Paris Nord, Paris, France
Alan G Jardine- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Alan S. Kliger- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Alan Salama- Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, UK
Alastair Hutchison- Manchester Institute of Nephrology & Transplantation, The Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
Albert CM Ong- The University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
Alexander Fichtner- Heidelberg University Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
Alexander Woywodt- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Alexandra Voinescu- Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Ali J. Olyaei- Oregon State University and Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
Allen R. Nissenson- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
Aminu K. Bello- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Andres Cardenas- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Andrew A. Udy- Royal Brisbane and Womens Hospital, Queensland, Australia
Andrew D. Rule- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
Andrew Davenport- UCL Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
Andrew Hall- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Andrew J. LeRoy- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
Andrew Levey- Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Andrew Williams- University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
Angel Candela- University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
Angela C Webster- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
Anjali Bhatt Saxena- Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
Anna Clementi- Policlinico Universitario, Catania, Italy
Anna Giuliani- San Bortolo Hospita and International Renal Research Institute (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy
Anna Richards- Imperial College, London, UK
Anne Massez- Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
Anneleen Pletinck- University Hospital Gent, Gent, Belgium
Antonia J. Cronin- Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Hospital, London, UK
Anushree Shirali- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
Arkadiy Pinkhasov- Tufts University School of Medicine, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
Arohan R. Subramanya- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Ased Ali- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Ashish Upadhyay- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Aurora Lietor- University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
B.J. Nankivell- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Bassam Alchi- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Behdad Afzali- Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust at King's Health Partners AHSC, London, UK
Bengt Fellström- University of Uppsala, Sweden
Bengt Lindholm- Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
Benjamin A. Vervaet- University Antwerp, Belgium
Benjamin Dekel- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
Benjamin J. Freda- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Benjamin Vervaet- University Antwerp, Belgium
Bernadette Lynch- Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
Bernadette Thomas- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe- Universidad del Zulia, Hospital Univrsitario de Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela
Bertrand Knebelmann- Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
Bertrand L. Jaber- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Beverley Hunt- Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Hospital, London, UK
Beverly D. Cameron- Providence Hospital, Southfield, Michigan, UK
Bhavna Chopra- AHN Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia
Björn Hegner- Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
Bob Zietse- Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Bradley P. Dixon- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
Bridget Sinnott- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
Bruce A. Cooper- Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia
Brunella Franco- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
C. Weber
Camille Nelson Kotton- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Carla Maria Avesani- Ospedali Riuniti, Reggio Cal, Italy
Carol A. Pollock- Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia
Caroline Whitworth- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK
Carsten Bergmann- Bioscientia, Ingelheim, Germany
Carsten Wagner- Physiologisches Institut, Zurich, Switzerland
Catherine M. Corbishley- St George's Hospital, London, UK
Catherine Nelson-Piercy- Guy and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Celestina Manzoni- Azienda Ospedaliera della Provincia di Lecco, Lecco, Italy
Charles Ferro- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
Charles Wingo- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
Chirag R. Parikh- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Choli Hartono- NYP/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, USA
Chris Chan- University of Toronto, Canada
Chris Winearls- The Churchill Hospital, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
Christophe Legendre- Université Paris Descartes & Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
Christopher Blagg- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Christopher D. Mitchell- John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
Christos Chatziantoniou- Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
Ciao Zhou- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
Claudia Kemper- King's College London, London, UK
Claudio Ronco- San Bortolo Hospitalm, Vicenza, Italy
Coen A. Stegeman- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Colin Baigent- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Constantina Chrysochou- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
Coralie Bingham- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
Corinne Antignac- Hôpital'Necker Enfants'Malades, Paris, France
Cormac Breen- Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
D. H. Kang- Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Daniel Bichet- Université de Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
Daniel Cattran- University of Toronto, Canada
Daniel Gale- Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK
Danilo Fliser- Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
Darren Green- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Darshana Dadhania- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, US
David A. Bushinsky- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
David C. Harris- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
David Ellison- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
David Goldsmith- Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK
David Jayne- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
David Marples- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
David N. Rush- Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
David Webb- University of Edinburgh Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
Davide Bolignano- CNR-IBIM, Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
Dennis Jose Joseph- Endocrinology Center of Lake Cumberland, Somerset, Kentucky, USA
Detlef Bockenhauer- University of Edinburgh Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
Diana Chiu- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
Dietrich Hasper- Charité University Hospital Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
Dinna N. Cruz- San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
Dirk R J Kuypers- Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
Dominique Chauveau- Hopital Necker, Paris, France
Douglas Stewart- St. John Hospital and Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
Duska Dragun- Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany
Dwomoa Adu- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
Ea Wha Kang- NHIC Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
Edgar V. Lerma- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
Edmund Lamb- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, Kent, UK
Efstathios Kastritis- University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens , Greece
Elaine Murphy- University College London, London, UK
Elena N. Levtchenko- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Emily P McQuarrie- Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
Emmanuel A. Burdmann- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Eric AJ Hoste- Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
Eric Goffin- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
Eric P. Cohen- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
Eric Taylor- Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA
Erin Howden- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Eugene Teoh- Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
Eva Schepers- University Hospital Gent, Gent, Belgium
Eve Miller-Hodges- Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
Ewout Hoorn- Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Fabrizio Fabrizi- Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy
Fernando Liaño- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
Fernardo Fervenza- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
Finlay MacKenzie- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Fliss E.M. Murtagh- King's College London, UK
Frances Flinter- Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Francesca Mallamaci- Ospedali Riuniti, Reggio Cal, Italy
Francesco Locatelli- Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy
Francesco Trepiccione- Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
François Lionnet- Hopital Tenon, Paris, France
Franz Schaefer- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
Fred E. Avni- Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
Fred Finkelstein- Hospital of St Raphael, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Frederic Houssiau- Saint-Luc University Hospital, Brussel, Belgium
Friederike Mackensen- Universitäts-Augenklinik Heidelberg, Im Neuheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
Gary Curhan- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Gaurav Shah- St. John Macomb-Oakland Hospital, Macomb Center, Warren, Michigan, USA
Gauthier Raynal- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Amiens, France
Gerard M. London- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
Gerd Walz- University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Germaine Wong- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
Giampaolo Merlini- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
Gianni Capasso- Policlinico Nuovo, Naples, Italy
Gilbert W. Moeckel- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Gilles Crambert- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
Giorgio Gentile- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo, Italy
Giuseppe Pontoriero- Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy
Graham Lord- King's College London, UK
Graham Paget- University of the Witwatersrand, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Grahame J Elder- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Gregory L. Braden- Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
Griet Glorieux- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
Halima Amer- University College London, London, UK
Hallvard Holdaas- Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Norway
Hansjoerg Rothe- Klinikum Coburg, Coburg, Germany
Harbir Singh Kohli- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
Hassan Izzedine- Pitié Salpetrière university hospital. University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
Heather Henderson- St John Hospital & Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
Heather Lambert- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Heather Reich- University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Hector Giral-Arnal- University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado
Heiko Billing- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
Heini Murer- Physiologisches Institut, Zurich, Switzerland
Helen Alderson- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Helen J. Lachmann- UCL Medical School, London, UK
Henry CC Pleass- Royal Price Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Hung-Chun Chen- Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
I. David Weiner- University of Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA
Iain Macdougall- King's College Hospital, London, UK
Ian MacIntyre- The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Ian Roberts- John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
Irene Higginson- King's College London, London, UK
Islam Junaid-The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
J. Christopher Kingswood- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
J.R. Chapman- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
Jacek Waniewski- Polish Academy of Sciences,Warszawa, Poland
Jack Wetzels- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
James F Glockner- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
James Pullman- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
James Ritchie- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
Jan Clement- Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Javier Fernández- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Jean-Claude Dussaule- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris
Jean-Marie Krzesinski- Academic hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
Jeannette Kraft- The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
Jean-Philippe Haymann- Hospital Tenon, Paris, France
Jeff Coombes- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Jeffrey Lipman- Royal Brisbane and Womens Hospital, Queensland, Australia
Jeremiah R. Brown- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice and Departments of Medicine and Community and Family Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
Jeremy Duffield- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
Jeremy Hughes- The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
Jeremy R Chapman- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Jo H.M. Berden- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Joanna Stachowska-Pietka- Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Joanne Bargman- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Johan van der Vlag- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
John A Kellum- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
John A Sayer- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
John Eastwood- St George's Hospital, London, UK
John J. Bissler- Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Tennessee, USA
John M. Grange- London Clinic Cancer Centre, London, UK
John Moran- DaVita Inc., Denver, Colorado, USA
John Neary- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
John Prowle- Royal London Hospital, Barts and the London NHS Trust, London, UK
John Townend- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Jolanta Malyszko- Medical University, Zurawia, Poland
Jonathan Himmelfarb- Kidney Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
Joost Drenth- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, The Netherlands
Joris Delanghe- Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
Josef Coresh- The John Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Juan Jesus Carrero- Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Judith Blaine- University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
Juerg Biber- Physiologisches Institut, Zurich, Switzerland
Julien Maizel- Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
Jung-San Chang- Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Kaivan Khavandi- King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK
Kaivan Korvath
Kamal Patel- Guy and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Kamel Kamel- St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario Canada
Kar Nen Lai- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Karl Peter Schlingmann- University of Heidelberg Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
Karlhans Endlich- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie , Greifswald, Germany
Karthik Tennankore- University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Kate Wiles- King's College London, London, UK
Katherine Bennett-Richards- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
Katie Vinen- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Kazuhiro Kitajima- Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
Kevin Martin- Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Khai Ping Ng- University Hospital of Birmingham, UK
Khashayar Sakhaee- Mineral Metabolism Clinic, Dallas, Texas, USA
Kieron S. Leslie- San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, USA
Kitty J. Jager- Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Klaus Zerres- RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
Lorna Henderson- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Laura Labriola- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
Laurence Heidet- Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
Laurent Schild- Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
Lesley Inker- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston Massachusetts, USA
Lesley Rees- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
Lesley-Anne Bissell- Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
Lewis M. Cohen- Tufts University School of Medicine, Springfield, Massachussets, USA
Lisa Phipps- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Liviu Segall- "C. I. Parhon " University Hospital, "Gr. T. Popa " University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
Liz Lightstone- Imperial College London, UK
Lorraine Harper- University of Birmingham, UK
Luigi Gnudi- King's College London, UK
Luis M. Ruilope- Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
Luis d'Marco Gascon
Lukas Foggensteiner- The new Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
Luminita Voroneanu- "C. I. Parhon " University Hospital, "Gr. T. Popa " University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
LuXia Zhang- Peking University First Hospital. Beijing, UK
M. A. Dimopoulos- University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
M. Beaulieu- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
M. Kanbay- lstanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Maarit Korkeila- Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Maarten Naesens- University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
Manikkam Suthanthiran- NYP/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, USA
Manjula Kurella Tamura- Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
Marc E. De Broe- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Marcello Tonelli- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Marie Cassart- Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
Marie Claire Gubler- Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
Marie Condon- Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
Marijn Speeckaer- Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
Marina Noris- Aldo e Cele Daccò Clinical Reseach Centre for Rare Diseases, Ranica, Italy
Marion Muche- Charite Medical University, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
Mark A. Perazella- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mark Haas- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
Mark Harber- Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
Mark L. Unruh- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Mark R Marshall- Counties Manukau District Health Board, Otahuhu, Auckland, New Zealand
Markus Ketteler- Chefarzt der Medizinischen Klinik III: Nephrologie, Klinikum Coburg GmbH, D
Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Würzburg Coburg, Germany
Marlies Elger- Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
Martin Flamant- Université Diderot, Paris, France
Martin J Landray- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Martin Konrad- Universitätsklinkikum Münster, Münster, Germany
Matthew A. Bailey- The British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, UK
Matthew C. Pickering- Imperial College, London, UK
Mehmet Sukru Sever- Istanbul School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Menaka Sarav- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois, USA
Michael Allon- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
Michael J Germain- Tufts University School of Medicine, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
Michael L. Picton- Manchester Institute of Nephrology & Transplantation, The Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
Michael Oppert- Charité University Hospital Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
Michael S Goligorsky- New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
Michael Weston- Spire Leeds Hospital, Leeds, UK
Michel Daudon, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
Michel Jadoul- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
Michèle Hall- Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Brussels, Belgium
Michiel Schreuder- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Miet Schetz- Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium
Milan Radovic- University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
Ming-hui Zhao- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
Minnie M. Sarwal- Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
Mirian C. Janssen- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Mitch Halperin- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
Mitchell H. Rosner- University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
Moin A Saleem- University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
Monica Guevara- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Morgan Grams- The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Morie A. Gertz- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
Moshe Levi- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
Mugurel Apetrii- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
Muh Geot Wong- Royal North Shore Hospital; University of Sydney. New South Wales, Australia
Muhammad M. Yaqoob- Royal London Hospital, London, UK
N. Ortiz-Bruchle, Department of Human Genetics, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Germany
N. Zalunardo- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Nadia Iqbal- SLUCare Nephrology, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
Naim Maalouf- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
Nathalie Neirynck- University Hospital Gent, Gent, Belgium
Naveet Kumar- Providence Hospital & Medical Center, Southfield, Michigan, USA
Neeraj Dhaun- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Neil Turner- Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
Nele Brusselaers- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Nicholas Medjeral-Thomas- Imperial College, London, UK
Nick Hastie- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Nicola Thomas- School of Community and Health Sciences, City University, London, UK
Norbert Lameire- University Hospital Ghent, Gent, Belgium
Nostratoli Vaziri- University of California, Irvine, USA
O. Gonzalez-Albarrán- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
Olivier Devuyst- University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Olivier Traxer- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
Oren Pleniceanu- The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel
Orlando Gutierrez- University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
Orson Moe- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
Pascal Houillier- National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Patrice Cacoub- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
Patrick Biggar- Klinikum Coburg, Coburg, Germany
Patrick C D'Haese- University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
Patrick Maxwell- The Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK
Patrick Niaudet- Hopital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
Paul Carrol- Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Paul Emery- University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
Paul Goodyer- Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
Paul Jungers- Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
Paul Winyard- University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
Paolo Raggi- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
Pere Ginès- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Peter A. McCullough- St. John Providence Health System, Providence Park Heart Institute, Novi. Michigan
Peter Heeringa- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Peter Howells- The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
Peter J Morris- Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK
Peter McCulloch- St. John Providence Health System, Providence Park Heart Institute, Novi, Michigan, USA
Peter Stenvinkel- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Peter W. Nickerson- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
Phil Mason- Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
Philip Beales- University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
Philip Clayton- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
Philip Kalra- The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Philip Vladica- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
Philippa Dodd- King's College London, London, UK
Piero Ruggenenti- Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
Pierre M. Ronco- Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
Piet Maes- Katholieke Universitiet Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Premil Rajakrishna- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Rachel Lennon- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Raj Thuraisingham- Royal London Hospital, London, UK
Raja Ramachandran- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
Rajan Patel- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Rajiv Agarwal- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
Rajnish Mehrotra- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Ramya Dhandapani
Rashad Barsoum- Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Ravi Rajakariar- Barts and the London NHS Trust, London, UK
Ravindra L. Mehta- UCSD Medical Center, San Diego, California
Raymond Vanholder- University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
Refik Gökmen- King's College London, London, UK
Reza Hajhosseiny
Richard Baker- Spire Leeds Hospital, Leeds, UK
Richard DM Allen- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
Richard Haynes- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Richard J. Glassock- American Society of Nephrology, Washington D.C., USA
Richard K.S. Phoon- Senior Lecturer, Medicine, Westmead Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
Richard Sandford- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Rinaldo Bellomo- Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
Rishi Goel-
Rita Suri- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, USA
Rob Pickard- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Robert Fassett- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
Robert Kleta- University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
Robert Provenzano- St John Hospital and Medical Center, Detroit. Michigan
Robin Lachmann- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgey, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
Rodger Loutzenhiser- University of Calgary, Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Ron Shapiro- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Roslyn J Simms- Newcastel University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Rutger J Ploeg- Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
S. Vincent Raj Kumar- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
Sabina Jelen- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
Sara Dunsmore- Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Sarah Withers- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Saraladevi Naicker- University of the Witwatersrand, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
Scott D. Bieber- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Seema Baid-Agrawal- Charite Medical University, Berlin, Germany
Seema Shrivastava- St George's Hospital, London, UK
Sethi Sanjeev- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
Shamima Rahman- University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
Simon Freeman- Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
Simon Gruenewald- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Simon R Knight- Centre for Evidence in Transplantation, The Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK
Sobhan Vinjamuri- Royal Liverpool Hospitals, Liverpool, UK
Soo Young Yoon- Kwandong University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
Soren Neilson-Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Stanley Goldfarb- Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Stefanie Weber- University-Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
Stephan R. Orth- Dialysis Centre Bad Aibling, Bad Aibling, Germany
Stephen D Marks- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
Stephen Korbet- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Stephen Waldek, (Independent Medical Consultant, Manchester, UK
Stephen Walsh- University College London, London, UK
Steven Chadban- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Steven Kennish- Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
Stewart Cameron, Emeritus Professor Renal Medicine, Melmerby, UK
Stewart Fleming- University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
Stuart Sprague- NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, USA
Sue Cox- Guy's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Susan Finkelstein- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Sydney C. W. Tang- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
T. Cook- Imperial College London, London, UK
Ted A. Foster- Oregon Health and Science University Division of Internal Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
Teena Tandon- Fresenius Medical Care, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
Teresa Tenorio- University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
Terry Wong- Guy's & St Thomas Hospital, London, UK
Thangamani Muthukumar- NYP/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, USA
Theresa A. Guise- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
Thimoteus Speer- Saarland University Hospital, Homborg, Germany
Thomas A. Golper- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
Thomas Mone- One Legacy, Los Angeles, California, USA
Thorsten Wiech
Tim Eisen- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Tim Goodship- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Timothy Ellam- University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
Timur A. Galperin- St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Toby Wells
Tom Connor- University College London, London, UK
Tom Gevers- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Tomas Agustsson- The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Tony Dorling- King's College London, London, UK
Udo Helmchen, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
Tushar J. Vachharajani- Associate Professor, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
Udo Vester- University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
Ulrich Wenzel- University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
V. Frank- Center for Human Genetics, Bioscientia, Ingelheim, Germany
Klaus Zerres- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
Valerie Luyckx- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Vedat Schwenger- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
Veena Manjunath- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Vicente Arroyo- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Victor F. Seabra- St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Victor Gueutin- Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
Vinay Sakhuja- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
Vivekanand Jha- Postgraduate Medical Institute, Chandigarh, India
Walter P. Mutter- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Wilhelm Kriz- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
William G Herrington- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
William R. Clark- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
Wim Van Biesen- University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
Wolfgang Kühn- University Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
Wolfgang Rascher- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
Xu Hong- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
York Pei- University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronro, Ontario, Canada.
Young-Hwan Hwang- University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Yves Pirson- Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Brussels, Belgium

Oxford Textbook of Clinical Nephrology

Fourth Edition

Chief Editor Neil Turner, Edited by Neil N. Turner, Norbert Lameire, David J. Goldsmith, Christopher G. Winearls, Jonathan Himmelfarb, and Giuseppe Remuzzi

Oxford Textbook

From Our Blog

Nils Alwall: The quiet, unassuming Swede

During the night, between 3rd and 4th September 1946, things were stirring in the basement of the internal medicine department, at the university hospital of Lund, Southern Sweden. A 47-year-old man had been admitted for treatment. His main problem was uraemia (urea in the blood), but he was also suffering from silicosis (a lung disorder), complicated by pneumonia.

Posted on February 5, 2016

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The perils of salt

The Amazonian Yanomami Indians famously manage on only 50 mg (1 mmol) of sodium chloride per day, while in more developed societies, we struggle to keep our average intake below 100 times that level.

Posted on February 26, 2016

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Dialysis and hepatitis

From about 1964, there was increasing excitement that dialysis might become a major life-saving treatment for chronic renal failure, not just for acute renal failure. Transplantation was also in its infancy, but despite some promise, overall success rates at this time were very poor.

Posted on January 15, 2016

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Willem Kolff's remarkable achievement

Willem Kolff is famously the man who first put the developing theory of therapeutic dialysis into successful practice in the most unlikely circumstances: Kampen, in the occupied Netherlands during World War II. Influenced by a patient he had seen die in 1938, and in a remote hospital to avoid Nazi sympathisers put in charge in Groningen, he undertook experiments with cellulose tubing and chemicals and then went straight on to make a machine to treat patients from 1943.

Posted on December 4, 2015

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