Oxford Handbook of Humanitarian Medicine

Edited by Amy Kravitz, Medical Officer, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington D.C., USA

Dr Amy S. Kravitz Del Solar (MD, MPH, MSc, MA) is a global health physician and microbiologist with a focus on humanitarian responses and global health worldwide. She received her medical degree from the University of Cambridge, England where she was the first Gates-Cambridge Scholar in medicine, her MPH from Harvard University and her Master's degree in Microbiology from University College London/ London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Dr Kravitz Del Solar has worked in complex and dynamic settings throughout her career and continues to work in global health.

Alexander van Tulleken is the Helen Hamlyn Senior Fellow at Fordham University's Institute of International Humanitarian Affairs. He has a diploma in Tropical Medicine, a Diploma in International Humanitarian Assistance and a Master's in Public Health from Harvard, where he was a Fulbright Scholar. He is a registered Doctor with the General Medical Council of the UK without a licence to practice. He is a contributing editor to the first edition of the Oxford Handbook of Humanitarian Medicine and has worked for Doctors of the World, Merlin and the World Health Organization in humanitarian crises around the world.

Tammam Aloudat (Chapter 3: Health priorities in displacement; Chapter 46: Chronic non-communicable diseases)
Deputy Medical Director, Medical Department, Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland

Elizabeth Ashley (Chapter 29: Malaria)
Director of Clinical Research Myanmar, Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Yangon, Myanmar
Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, UK

Anne Aspler (Chapter 25: Oedema)
Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada

Nathalie Avril (Chapter 3: Health priorities in displacement)
Nutrition Advisor, Médecins Sans Frontières Operational Centre, Geneva, Switzerland

Marco Baldan (Chapter 49: Medical management of the surgical abdomen)
General Surgeon, Delegate Regional Surgeon for the Near and Middle East, International Committee of the Red Cross, Beirut, Lebanon

Aaron Berkowitz (Chapter 39: Neurology)
Director, Global Neurology Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Assistant Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Health and Policy Advisor in Neurology, Partners in Health, Boston, MA, USA

Catherine Berry (Chapter 34: Global impact of antimicrobial resistance)
Clinical Advisor, Médecins Sans Frontières-UK, Chancery Exchange, London, UK

Massey Beveridge (Chapter 49: Medical management of the surgical abdomen; Chapter 50: Wound care and minor surgical procedures; Chapter 51: Burns)
Adjunct Assistant Professor of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada

Axel Bex (Chapter 40: Urology)
Urologic Surgeon, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Benjamin Oren Black (Chapter 42: Obstetric care)
Senior Registrar, Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Sexual Health, Homerton University Hospital, London, UK

Laurent Bonnardot (Chapter 45: Ear, nose, and throat)
ENT and Emergency Physician, Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France

Marie Claude Bottineau (Chapter 43: Neonatology)
Pediatrician and Neonatology, MSF International Pediatrics Working Group Leader, MSF-CH Women & Children Health Pool Leader, Médecins sans Frontières Operational Centre, Geneva, Switzerland

Françoise Bouchet-Saulnier (Chapter 3: Health priorities in displacement Chapter 9: International Law)
Doctor of Law and Magistrate, International Legal Director of Médecins sans Frontières, Paris, France

Philippa Boulle (Chapter 3: Health priorities in displacement; Chapter 37: Respiratory illness; Chapter 46: Chronic non-communicable diseases)
Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Advisor; Chronic Conditions Team Leader, Médecins sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland

Jorge Castilla Echenique (Chapter 4: Health systems design)
Senior Health Advisor, Emergency Operations, WHO Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

Vanessa Cavallera (Chapter 6: Mental health in humanitarian emergencies)
Independent Consultant

Kevin Chan (Chapter 19: Fever; Chapter 28: Malnutrition)
Chair, Pediatrics, Memorial University and Clinical Chief, Children's Health, Eastern Health, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada

Bernard Chomilier (Chapter 12: Medical logistics in humanitarian settings)
Logistics Expert, retired

Christine Chomilier (Chapter 12: Medical logistics in humanitarian settings)
Logistics Expert, retired

Iza Ciglenecki (Chapter 3: Health priorities in displacement)
Operational Research Coordinator, Médecins Sans Frontières Operational Centre, Geneva, Switzerland

Gustavo Fernandez (Chapter 3: Health priorities in displacement)
Migration Senior Project Manager, Médecins Sans Frontières Operational Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
External Relations Officer, Partnership and Non-State Actors Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

Sheri Fink (Chapter 1: Introduction to humanitarian medicine)
Fellow, FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

Christos Giannou (Chapter 15: Mass casualty triage)
Honorary Lecturer, Queen Mary & Barts, Blizard Institute, University of London, UK
Former Head Surgeon, International Committee of the Red Cross, retired

Sarah Giles (Chapter 45: Ear, nose, and throat)
Locum Family/Emergency Physician

P. Gregg Greenough (Chapter 7: Epidemiology)
Assistant Professor, Global Health & Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Faculty, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, MA, USA

Andre Griekspoor (Chapter 4: Health systems design)
Senior Humanitarian Policy Adviser, Emergency Operations, WHO Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

Monique Gueguen (Chapter 54: Blood transfusion)
Medical Laboratory Advisor, Médecins sans Frontières, Paris, France

Jan Hajek (Chapter 30: Neglected tropical diseases)
Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

Ingo Hartlapp (Chapter 38: Gastrointestinal Illness)
Senior Physician, Department for Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology/Infectiology/Oncology, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Hospital, Berlin, Germany
Member, Médecins sans Frontières, Germany

Laura Hawryluck (Chapter 18: Shock)
Associate Professor Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
Physician Lead, Critical Care Rapid Response Team, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Member, Médecins Sans Frontières Telemedicine Program, Canada

Laurent Hiffler (Chapter 17: Approach to paediatric care)
Paediatric Advisor, MSF Operational Center Barcelona-Athens, Dakar, Senegal

Chris Houston (Chapter 10: Security)
Senior Program Officer (Humanitarian), Grand Challenges Canada
Board member, Médecins sans Frontières, Canada
Module Lead, Global Health Education Initiative, Postgraduate Medical Education, University of Toronto, Canada

Tim Jagatic (Chapter 32: Clinical suspicion of Ebola)
Physician, Médecins Sans Frontières, Ontario, Canada

Kiran Jobanputra (Chapter 3: Health priorities in displacement)
Head of Manson Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK

Lynne Jones (Chapter 6: Mental health in humanitarian emergencies)
Fellow, FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
Honorary Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Cornwall, UK and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

Jaap Karsten (Chapter 17: Approach to paediatric care)
Médecins Sans Frontières, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Saleem Kassam (Chapter 36: Cardiac conditions)
Consultant, Director, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Rouge Valley Health System, Toronto, Canada
Vice President, Médecins Sans Frontières, Canada

Jocelyn T.D. Kelly (Chapter 5: Gender-based violence in humanitarian crises)
Director, Women in War Program, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, MA, USA

Hyo Jeong Kim (Chapter 4: Health systems design)
Technical Officer, Emergency Operations, WHO Health Emergencies Programme, Geneva, Switzerland

Cara Kosack (Chapter 53: Laboratory; Chapter 54: Blood transfusion)
Leader, Diagnostic Network, Médecins sans Frontières, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Alena Koscalova (Chapter 3: Health priorities in displacement)
Tropical Medicine Adviser, Médecins sans Frontières, Operational Centre, Geneva, Switzerland

Amy S. Kravitz (Chapter 1: Introduction to humanitarian medicine)
Medical Officer, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, USA

W. Ted Kuhn (Chapter 55: Ultrasound)
Former Director, International Medicine, Co-director, Ultrasound Fellowship, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, USA

Kenneth Lavelle (Chapter 11: Medical care under fire: a perspective from the international medical organization Médecins Sans Frontières)
Deputy Director of Operations, Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland

Matthew Lyon (Chapter 55: Ultrasound)
Executive Director, Center for Ultrasound Education, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, USA

Anna MacDonald (Chapter 23: Lymphadenopathy)
Emergency Physician, St Michael's Hospital, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada

Peter Maes (Chapter 56: Water, sanitation, and hygiene; Chapter 57: Medical waste management)
Water, Hygiene and Sanitation Unit Coordinator, Water, Hygiene & Sanitation Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières - O.C. Brussels, Belgium

Olivier Malard (Chapter 45: Ear, nose, and throat)
ENT - Head and Neck Surgery Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, France

William Mapham (Chapter 44: Ophthalmology)
Ophthalmologist, Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Daniel Martinez Garcia (Chapter 17: Approach to paediatric care)
Paediatric Advisor, Medical Department, Médecins Sans Frontières, OCG Women & Child Health Unit, Geneva, Switzerland

James Maskalyk (Chapter 26: Patient with unintentional weight loss)
Emergency Physician, Assistant Professor, University of Toronto, Canada

Pierre Maury (Chapter 3: Health priorities in displacement)
Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland

Camille Michel (Chapter 11: Medical care under fire: a perspective from the international medical organization Médecins Sans Frontières)
Legal Advisor for International Humanitarian Law and Medicolegal Issues, Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland

Rose Leonard Molina (Chapter 5: Gender-based violence in humanitarian crises)
Faculty Physician, Division of Global and Community Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Associate Scientist, Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Instructor in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Obstetrician-Gynecologist, The Dimock Center, Roxbury, MA, USA

Peter Moons (Chapter 16: Medical triage; Chapter 27: Diarrhoea and vomiting)
Consultant Paediatrician, Academic Pediatric Center Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname

Lily Muldoon (Chapter 20: Anaemia)
Emergency Medicine Resident, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA

Veronique Mulloni (Chapter 3: Health priorities in displacement)
Water, Hygiene and Sanitation Technical Referent, Technical Support to the Operations, Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland

Aditya Nadimpalli (Chapter 37: Respiratory illness)
Primary Care Ultrasound Fellow, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA

Thomas Nierle (Chapter 11: Medical care under fire: a perspective from the international medical organization Médecins Sans Frontières)
President, Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland

David Nott (Chapter 48: Major trauma)
Consultant Surgeon, Imperial College, London, UK

Dirk-Jan Omtzigt (Chapter 8: Understanding economic effects of humanitarian intervention)
Analyst, UNOCHA Regional Office for Southern and Eastern Africa

Joseph O'Neill (Chapter 21: Pain; Chapter 24: Cough and breathlessness; Chapter 47: Palliative care)
Palliative Medicine, University of Maryland/Shore Regional Health, Easton, MD, USA

James Orbinski (Humanitarianism Today)
Professor and Director, Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University, Toronto, Canada

Susan Ann O'Toole (Chapter 42: Obstetric care)
Obstetrician-Gynaecologist, Collingwood, ON, Canada

AnneMarie Pegg (Chapter 35: Response to epidemic disease)
Emergency Coordinator, Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France
Associate Clinical Faculty, University of Calgary, Department of Family Medicine, Calgary, Canada

Max Ritzenberg (Chapter 20: Anaemia)
Emergency Medicine Resident, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Patrick Robitaille (Chapter 2: Responders and responses)
Director of Programmes and International Development, Médecins du Monde/Doctors of the World, Canada

David Rowley (Chapter 52: Orthopaedics and limb injuries)
Emeritus Professor, University of Dundee, UK

Monica Rull (Chapter 3: Health priorities in displacement)
Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland

Margaret Salmon (Chapter 20: Anaemia)
Faculty Global Health Emergency Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada

Peter Saranchuk (Chapter 31: Tuberculosis and HIV in humanitarian contexts)
TB/HIV Adviser, Southern Africa Medical Unit (SAMU), Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town, South Africa

Elisabeth Sauvaget (Chapter 45: Ear, nose, and throat)
Chief of ENT - Head and Neck surgery department, Hôpital Saint Joseph, Paris, France

Laura Sauve (Chapter 19: Fever)
Clinical Assistant Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

Jennifer Scott (Chapter 5: Gender-based violence in humanitarian crises)
Director, Division of Global and Community Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Associate Scientist, Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Instructor, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Norman Sheehan (Chapter 10: Security)
Risk Management Consultant

Jonathan Spector (Chapter 43: Neonatology)
Executive Director, Global Health, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA

Craig Spencer (Chapter 32: Clinical suspicion of Ebola)
Director of Global Health in Emergency Medicine, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Assistant Professor of Medicine and Population and Family Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

Miroslav Stavel (Chapter 18: Shock)
Staff Paediatrician and Neonatologist, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada

Marianne Stephen (Chapter 41: Reproductive health)
Specialist Registrar Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Field Doctor, Médecins Sans Frontières

Ana Maria Tijerino (Chapter 3: Health priorities in displacement)
Mental Health Advisor, MSFCH - Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland

Sandrine Tiller (Chapter 2: Responders and responses)
Strategic Adviser, Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK

Michelle Tubman (Chapter 22: Jaundice)
Attending Physician, Emergency Medicine, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Canada
Clinical Lecturer, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

Jennifer Turnbull (Chapter 15: Mass casualty triage; Chapter 28: Malnutrition; co-editor of Chapter 1: Introduction to humanitarian medicine; Chapter 3: Health priorities in displacement; Chapter 17: Approach to paediatric care)
Attending Physician, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital, Canada
Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

Rafael Van den Bergh (Chapter 56: Water, sanitation, and hygiene; Chapter 57: Medical waste management)
Senior Operational Research and Technical Support Officer, Water, Hygiene & Sanitation Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières Operational Centre, Brussels, Belgium

Joos Van den Noortgate (Chapter 56: Water, sanitation, and hygiene; Chapter 57: Medical waste management)
Responsible Training, Research & Development, Operational Research Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières Operational Centre, Brussels, Belgium

Peter Ventevogel (Chapter 6: Mental health in humanitarian emergencies)
Senior Mental Health Officer, UNHCR, Geneva, Switzerland

Raghu Venugopal (Chapter 14: Approach to clinical care in humanitarian contexts)
Médecins Sans Frontières Telemedicine Coordinator
Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada

Isabelle Voiret (Chapter 3: Health priorities in displacement)
Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland

Rod Volway (Chapter 13: Working for international organizations)
Humanitarian Development Professional

David A. Warrell (Chapter 33: Venomous animal bites and stings and marine poisoning)
International Director, Royal College of Physicians, London, UK
Emeritus Professor of Tropical Medicine and Honorary Fellow of St Cross College, University of Oxford, UK

Inka Weissbecker (Chapter 6: Mental health in humanitarian emergencies)
Senior Global Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Advisor, International Medical Corps, Washington, DC, USA

Andrew James Willis (Chapter 7: Epidemiology)
Epidemiologist, Médecins Sans Frontières, Montreal, Canada