Media and Protest Logics in the Digital Era

The Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong

Francis L.F. Lee and Joseph M. Chan

Oxford Studies in Digital Politics

Provides a comprehensive account of the Umbrella Movement, and the ways connective action transforms into a collective action campaign
Examines the roles of both conventional media institutions and digital media platforms in the formation and dynamics of social movements
Argues that the media not only empowers social movements, but can also allow the state to undermine protests
Addresses current debates regarding the role of digital and social media in protest movements

Media and Protest Logics in the Digital Era

The Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong

Francis L.F. Lee and Joseph M. Chan

Oxford Studies in Digital Politics

Description

Digital and social media are increasingly integrated into the dynamics of protest movements around the world. They strengthen the mobilization power of movements, extend movement networks, facilitate new modes of protest participation, and give rise to new protest formations. Meanwhile, conventional media remains an important arena where protesters and their targets contest for public support. This book examines the role of the media -- understood as an integrated system comprised of both conventional media institutions and digital media platforms -- in the formation and dynamics of the Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong.

For 79 days in 2014, Hong Kong became the focus of international attention due to a public demonstration for genuine democracy that would become known as the Umbrella Movement. During this time, twenty percent of the local population would join the demonstration, the most large-scale and sustained act of civil disobedience in Hong Kong's history -- and the largest public protest campaign in China since the 1989 student movement in Beijing. On the surface, this movement was not unlike other large-scale protest movements that have occurred around the world in recent years. However, it was distinct in how bottom-up processes evolved into a centrally organized, programmatic movement with concrete policy demands.

In this book, Francis L. F. Lee and Joseph M. Chan connect the case of the Umbrella Movement to recent theorizations of new social movement formations. Here, Lee and Chan analyze how traditional mass media institutions and digital media combined with on-the-ground networks in such a way as to propel citizen participation and the evolution of the movement as a whole. As such, they argue that the Umbrella Movement is important in the way it sheds light on the rise of digital-media-enabled social movements, the relationship between digital media platforms and legacy media institutions, the power and limitations of such occupation protests and new "action logics," and the continual significance of old protest logics of resource mobilization and collective action frames. Through a combination of protester surveys, population surveys, analyses of news contents and social media activities, this book reconstructs a rich and nuanced account of the Umbrella Movement, providing insight into numerous issues about the media-movement nexus in the digital era.

Media and Protest Logics in the Digital Era

The Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong

Francis L.F. Lee and Joseph M. Chan

Oxford Studies in Digital Politics

Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Social Transformation and the Rise of Protests, 2003-2014
Chapter 3: Contesting the Idea of Civil Disobedience
Chapter 4: Media, Participation, and Public Opinion toward the Movement
Chapter 5: Digital Media Activities and Connective Actions
Chapter 6: Counter-Movement Discourses and Governmental Responses
Chapter 7: Conclusion
Appendix: Profiling the Umbrella Movement Participants
Notes
References
Index

Media and Protest Logics in the Digital Era

The Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong

Francis L.F. Lee and Joseph M. Chan

Oxford Studies in Digital Politics

Author Information

Francis L.F. Lee is Director and Professor, School of Journalism and Communication, Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Media and Protest Logics in the Digital Era

The Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong

Francis L.F. Lee and Joseph M. Chan

Oxford Studies in Digital Politics

Reviews and Awards

"A powerful study of social and political mobilization in the digital age through a critical analysis of Hong Kong's Umbrella Movement. A case study with depth and insight, but also offering plenty of critical reflections at the theoretical level. Its relevance goes beyond Hong Kong and Asian studies. Indeed, students of media studies and social movement analysis will find the authors providing them with new insights for analyzing connective actions, the social processes of mobilization, and the framing of protest." --Tai-lok Lui, co-author of Hong Kong: Becoming a Chinese Global City

"This is a brilliant, compelling, and measured analysis that zooms in and out of the most important popular movement in Hong Kong's history. Weaving vivid and massive data into a theoretically informed narrative, Lee and Chan reveal stunning and colliding dynamics between media and movement in the digital age. This insightful and accessible book deserves to be widely read by social scientists, civil society activists, policymakers, and the general public." --Ching Kwan Lee, author of The Specter of Global China

"Marshalling rich empirical data collected on-site, Media and Protest Logics in the Digital Era provides the first systematic study of the Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong. Its insightful analysis of the tensions between organization and decentralization and between collective and connective action represents the most important and original theoretical interventions in the study of digital media and social movements I have seen in recent years." --Guobin Yang, Grace Lee Boggs Professor of Communication and Sociology, University of Pennsylvania

"[T]his book offers an important reflection on the role of conventional media (e.g. traditional television and newspaper platforms) and the limits of digital media in movement mobilization. Given an emerging discourse on how conventional media will be replaced by digital media, this book shows that conventional media was still crucial to the mobilization and organization of a social movement. ... The greatest strength of this book is that it situated the [Umbrella Movement] in a larger political and social context, thus enabling the authors to clarify the multiple factors and stages that contributed to the emergence of the UM. Without these historical and contingent elements, the role of conventional and digital media cannot be fully evaluated. This book is therefore an excellent example of contextually sensitive research on social movements that would not exaggerate the immediate effects of the media in movement mobilization." -- Kwok Chi, Hong Kong Studies