Marine Ecosystems and Global Change

Edited by Manuel Barange, John G. Field, Roger P. Harris, Eileen E. Hofmann, R. Ian Perry, and Francisco Werner

Provides a state of the art synthesis of the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems and their responses to global change
Summarizes the findings of the GLOBEC research program and objectives, placing them in a broader context
Features a strong emphasis on pelagic ecosystems and the links between climate, physical forcing, ecosystem dynamics, fish and top predators, with some consideration of resource management
Examines the reciprocal interactions and feedbacks between marine ecosystems and human communities, with an emphasis on prediction and modeling
Ideal graduate seminar course material

Marine Ecosystems and Global Change

Edited by Manuel Barange, John G. Field, Roger P. Harris, Eileen E. Hofmann, R. Ian Perry, and Francisco Werner

Description

Global environmental change (including climate change, biodiversity loss, changes in hydrological and biogeochemical cycles, and intensive exploitation of natural resources) is having significant impacts on the world's oceans. This handbook advances knowledge of the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems, and their past, present, and future responses to physical and anthropogenic forcing. It illustrates how climate and humans impact marine ecosystems, providing a comprehensive review of the physical and ecological processes that structure marine ecosystems as well as the observation, experimentation, and modelling approaches required for their study. Recognizing the interactive roles played by humans in using marine resources and in responding to global changes in marine systems, the book includes chapters on the human dimensions of marine ecosystem changes and on effective management approaches in this era of rapid change. A final section reviews the state of the art in predicting the responses of marine ecosystems to future global change scenarios with the intention of informing both future research agendas and marine management policy.

Marine Ecosystems and Global Change provides a detailed synthesis of the work conducted under the auspices of the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (GLOBEC) program. This research spans two decades, and represents the largest, multi-disciplinary, international effort focused on understanding the impacts of external forcing on the structure and dynamics of global marine ecosystems.

Marine Ecosystems and Global Change

Edited by Manuel Barange, John G. Field, Roger P. Harris, Eileen E. Hofmann, R. Ian Perry, and Francisco Werner

Acknowledgements
Preface
List of acronyms
1. Introduction: oceans in an earth system, Manuel Barange, John G. Field & Will Steffen
Section 1 - The Changing Ocean Ecosystems
2. Climate Forcing on Marine Ecosystems, Ken Drinkwater et al
3. Human Impacts on Marine Ecosystems, Keith Brander et al
Section 2 - Advances in Understanding the Structure and Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems
4. Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems: target species, Dian J. Gifford et al
5. Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems: physical-biological interactions - integration and modelling, Brad deYoung et al
6. Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems: observation and experimentation, Roger P. Harris et al
7. Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems: ecological processes, Coleen L. Moloney et al
Section 3 - The Human Dimensions of Changes in Marine Ecosystems
8. Interactions between Changes in Marine Ecosystems and Human Communities, R. Ian Perry et al
9. Marine Resources Management in the Face of Change: from ecosystem science to ecosystem-based management, Manuel Barange et al
Section 4 - A Way Forward
10. Ocean Ecosystem Responses to Future Global Change Scenarios: a way forward, Shin-ichi Ito et al
11. Marine Ecosystems and Global Change: a synthesis, Eileen E. Hofmann, Manuel Barange, John G. Field, Roger P. Harris, R. Ian Perry & Francisco Werner
References
Index

Marine Ecosystems and Global Change

Edited by Manuel Barange, John G. Field, Roger P. Harris, Eileen E. Hofmann, R. Ian Perry, and Francisco Werner

Author Information

Manuel Barange is Director of the International Project Office of GLOBEC, based at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory, UK. His scientific interests include Climate and Anthropogenic impacts on Marine Ecosystems, Assessment and management of marine fisheries and Marine Physical/Biological interactions. He is an advisor to the UK Natural Environmental Research Council and the UK Department of Environment, Fisheries and Rural Affairs on sustainable marine bioresources and a member of the European Commission Framework 7 Advisory board for "Environment (including climate change)". Dr. Barange has over 60 peer-reviewed publications and has recently edited a book on Climate Change and the Economics of the World's Fisheries through Elgar publishers.

Professor John Field is Director of the Marine Research (MA-RE) Institute at the University of Cape Town. He specializes in analysis of marine ecosystems, the effects of climate change on fisheries, and developing an ecosystem approach to managing fisheries. He is past President of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and presently chairs the Scientific Steering Committee of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). He is listed as an ISI-Highly Cited Scientist for his work on analysing marine distribution patterns, and for co-authoring the article that coined the term "microbial loop", which won the 2006 John Martin ASLO Award for a paradigm shift in aquatic science.

Dr. Roger Harris is a Senior Scientist at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory, UK. His main research interests are: the control of biological production by physical processes, the role of water column biology in global oceanic carbon flux and the ecology and physiology of calanoid copepods. He has considerable experience in international and interdisciplinary project management. He is past Chairman of the IGBP/SCOR/IOC GLOBEC Steering Committee and continues to serve on the GLOBEC SSC and leads the Focus 2 Process Studies Working Group. Involved in a number of editorial roles, currently principally as Strategic Editor of the Journal of Plankton Research and editing a Special Issue of ICES Journal of Marine Science for the 4th International Zooplankton Symposium. He has published over 100 peer-reviewed scientific papers.

Eileen E. Hofmann is a Professor in the Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and a member of the Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography, both at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia. Her research interests are in the areas of understanding physical-biological interactions in marine ecosystems, climate control of diseases of marine shellfish populations, descriptive physical oceanography, and mathematical modeling of marine ecosystems. Dr. Hofmann has worked in a variety of marine environments, most recently the continental shelf region off the western Antarctic Peninsula. She is a member of the US and International GLOBEC Science Steering Committees and is Chair of the Southern Ocean GLOBEC programme. She presently serves as co-Editor of the Journal of Marine Systems. Dr. Hofmann has published over 100 scientific publications to date.

Dr. Ian Perry is a fisheries oceanographer working for Fisheries & Oceans Canada, in Nanaimo, BC, Canada. His research expertise includes the structure, function, and processes of fish production in marine ecosystems; the human dimensions of marine ecosystem changes; methods for providing scientific advice for new and developing fisheries; and scientific leadership of international and inter-governmental programs on marine ecosystems and global change. He is a past Editor for North America and Oceania for the professional journal Fisheries Oceanography, has been a visiting lecturer at universities in Canada, Chile and Portugal, is the concluding Chair of the international Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) program, and a past "Chief Scientist" for the inter-governmental North Pacific Marine Science Organisation (PICES). He has written over 125 scientific publications to date.

Cisco Werner is the past Chair of the GLOBEC Scientific Steering Committee and is the Director of the Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences at Rutgers University, USA. He specialises in the development of numerical models of ocean circulation and in studies of coupled physical oceanographic and biological processes. He has studied components of marine ecosystems of the North Atlantic, North Pacific and the European Shelf focusing on the dynamics of lower trophic levels, and the dispersal, growth and survival of early life stages of fish and invertebrates. He presently serves as co-Editor of Progress in Oceanography.

Contributors:

Edward Allison
Marie-Caroline Badjeck
Manuel Barange
Harold Batchelder
Gregory Beaugrand
Mark Benfield
Louis W. Botsford
Keith M. Brander
Lawrence J. Buckley
Ann Bucklin
Robert Campbell
François Carlotti
David Checkley
Sanae Chiba
Lorenzo Ciannelli
Kevern L. Cochrane
Daniel Costa
Enrique Curchitser
Carryn L. de Moor
Brad deYoung
Tommy D. Dickey
Kenneth Drinkwater
David Field
John G. Field
Øyvind Fiksen
Michael J. Fogarty
Marc E. Frischer
Mark J. Gibbons
Dian J. Gifford
Lawrence Hamilton
Roger P. Harris
Michael Heath
Eileen E. Hofmann
George Hunt
James W. Hurrell
Xabier Irigoien
Shin-ichi Ito
Astrid Jarre
Laurence T. Kell
Suam Kim
Shingo Kimura
Jackie R. King
Thomas Kiorboe
Michio J. Kishi
Patrick Lehodey
Salvador Lluch-Cota
Christian Möllmann
David L. Mackas
Olivier Maury
Stuart M. McKinnell
Arthur J. Miller
Coleen L. Moloney
Eugene J. Murphy
Barbara Neis
Jens C. Nejstgaard
Robert O'Boyle
Mark Ohman
Rosemary E. Ommer
James E. Overland
R. Ian Perry
William T. Peterson
Benjamin Planque
Renato A. Quiñones
Keith Reid
Kenneth A. Rose
Jeffrey A. Runge
Enric Saiz
Yasunori Sakurai
Frank Schwing
Lynne J. Shannon
Mike Sinclair
Michael A. St. John
Will Steffen
U. Rashid Sumaila
Svein Sundby
Kazuaki Tadokoro
Flora Vadas
Carl van der Lingen
Francisco Werner
Peter H. Wiebe
Kai Wieland
Matt Windle
Matthias Wolff
Yasuhiro Yamanaka
Hidekatsu Yamazaki
Akihiko Yatsu

Marine Ecosystems and Global Change

Edited by Manuel Barange, John G. Field, Roger P. Harris, Eileen E. Hofmann, R. Ian Perry, and Francisco Werner

Reviews and Awards

"Marine Ecosystems and Global Change is a valuable trove that could profitably be mined, and any academic bookshelf would wear them well." -- Carl Safina, BioScience