Preface
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations

Chapter 1: Heresies, Forgeries, Novelties
What is New? Anxieties of Innovation, Then and Now
A Tradition of Condemning What is New
A Tradition of Denial: The Constructed Absence of Jewish Heresy
Authoritative Innovation: Prophecy and Scripture
Innovation Revealed and Concealed: Interpretation, Scribes, and Pseudepigraphy
Pseudepigraphy and Forging Antiquity
Heresy, Forgery, Novelty

Chapter 2: Heresy Without Orthodoxy: Josephus and the Rabbis on Dangerous Beliefs
Josephus on the Afterlife: A Possibly Dangerous Hope
Josephus on the Epicureans: Dangerous Denial
Josephus and Jewish Innovation 1: General Denials and Justifications
Constructing and Condemning the Fourth Philosophy
Heresy and Consensus (not Orthodoxy)
Josephus and Jewish Innovation 2: Denials and Falsifications
Heretics in the Mishnah
The Consensus of Pirkei Avot
Conclusion

Chapter 3: Secret Supersessionism? Intimations of Novelty Concealed at Qumran
The New Covenant of the Damascus Document
Novelty, Restoration, and Renewal
Masking Innovation: Remarriage after Divorce and Other New Laws
Covenant Renewal in Jubilees and Qumran
Denying Innovation: The Timelessness of the Two Ways
Secret Supersessionism? A Mysterious Possibility
In the Absence of the Old
Conclusion
Excursus: The New Covenant Inscribed on an Old Stone?

Chapter 4: Innovation Asserted: The Novelties of Early Christianity
Christians, Covenants, and Testaments
A New Covenant in the Gospels and Paul
Innovation and the Teachings of Jesus
The New and Old Covenants in Hebrews
Prophecy and Innovation among the Followers of Jesus
Prophecy, Novelty, and Scripture
An Alternate Discourse: The Timeless Two Ways
Conclusion

Conclusions, Hypotheses and Reflections

Bibliography