From Evidence to Action

The Story of Cash Transfers and Impact Evaluation in Sub Saharan Africa

Edited by Benjamin Davis, Sudhanshu Handa, Nicola Hypher, Natalia Winder Rossi, Paul Winters, and Jennifer Yablonski

Provides an analysis of government-run cash transfer programmes
Includes country studies of Kenya, Ghana, Ethiopia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Malawi, and South Africa
Contributions from leading authors
Impact evaluations based on randomized controls trials (RCTs) and non-experimental designs, qualitative methods, and village LEWIE-CGE modelling

From Evidence to Action

The Story of Cash Transfers and Impact Evaluation in Sub Saharan Africa

Edited by Benjamin Davis, Sudhanshu Handa, Nicola Hypher, Natalia Winder Rossi, Paul Winters, and Jennifer Yablonski

Description

Impact evaluations must be embedded in the ongoing process of policy and programme design in order to be effective in influencing country policy. This is the primary lesson found in this book, which is based on the rigorous impact evaluations and country-case study analysis of government-run cash transfer programmes undertaken in eight Sub-Saharan African countries (Kenya, Ghana, Ethiopia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa) evaluated as part of the Transfer Project and From Protection to Production Project. The impact evaluations employed mixed method approaches, including randomized controls trials (RCTs) and non-experimental designs, qualitative methods and village LEWIE-CGE modelling. Evidence presented in the book counteracts concerns around social protection creating dependency showing that unconditional cash transfers lead to a broad range of social and productive impacts, even though they are not tied to any specific behaviour.

From Evidence to Action

The Story of Cash Transfers and Impact Evaluation in Sub Saharan Africa

Edited by Benjamin Davis, Sudhanshu Handa, Nicola Hypher, Natalia Winder Rossi, Paul Winters, and Jennifer Yablonski

1. The Transfer Project, Cash Transfers and Impact Evaluation in Sub-Saharan Africa, Benjamin Davis, Sudhanshu Handa, Nicola Hypher, Natalia Winder Rossi, Paul Winters, and Jennifer Yablonski
PART I: Designing the Cash Transfer Impact Evaluations
2. The Political Economy of Cash Transfer Evaluations in Sub-Saharan Africa, Anna McCord, Jennifer Yablonski, and Natalia Winder Rossi
3. Implementing Rigorous Evaluations in the Real World: The Quantitative Approach to Evaluation Design in the Transfer Project, Benjamin Davis and Sudhanshu Handa
4. Qualitative Methods in Impact Evaluations of Cash Transfer Programmes in the Transfer Project in Sub-Saharan Africa, Pamela Pozarny and Clair Barrington
5. Local Economy-wide Impact Evaluation of Social Cash Transfer Programmes, J. Edward Taylor, Karen Thome, and Mateusz Filipski
PART II: Assessment of Cash Transfer Programmes: Country Case Studies
6. The Cash Transfer Programme for Orphans and Vulnerable Children: The Catalyst for Cash Transfers in Kenya, Joanne Bosworth, Carlos Alviar, Luis Corral, Benjamin Davis, Daniel Musembi, Winnie Mwasiaji, Samuel Ochieng, Roger Pearson, Pamela Pozarny, Patrick Ward, and Will Wiseman
7. Social Protection and the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) programme in Ghana: Generating Positive Change through the Power of Evidence, Luigi Peter Ragno, Sarah Hague, Sudhanshu Handa, Mawutor Ablo, Afua Twun-Danso, Lawrence Ofori-Addo, Carlos Alviar, Benjamin Davis, Pamela Pozarny, Ramla Attah, and Ed Taylor
8. The Role of the Tigray Pilot Social Cash Transfer Programme and its Evaluation in the Evolution of the Tigray Social Protection Policy, Roger Pearson, Solomon Afaw, Angela Baschieri, Beyene Birru, Guush Berhane, Ted Chaiban, Benjamin Davis, Stephen Devereux, John Hoddinott, J. Hoel, J. Kagin, Natasha Ledlie, Heshe Lemma, Djanabou Mahonde, Remy Pigois, Pamela Pozarny, Keetie Roelen, Benjamin Schwab, Peter Salama, Ibrahim Sessay , J. Edward Taylor, Fredu Nega Tegebu, Yalem Tsegay, Douglas Webb
9. The Role of Impact Evaluation in the Evolution of Zambia's Cash Transfer Programme, Paul Quarles van Ufford, Charlotte Harland, Stanfield Michelo, Gelson Tembo, Kelley Toole, and Denis Wood
10. Zimbabwe: Using Evidence to Overcome Political and Economic Challenges to Starting a National Unconditional Cash Transfer Program, David Seidenfeld, Lovemore Dumba, Sudhanshu Handa, Leon Muwoni, Hannah Reeves, and Elayn Sammon
11. Does Evidence Matter? Role of the Evaluation of the Child Grants Programme in the Consolidation of the Social Protection Sector in Lesotho, Luca Pellerano, Silvio Daidone, Benjamin Davis, Mohammad Farooq, Mariam Homayoun, Andrew Kardan, Malefetsane Masasa, Ousmane Niang, Bettina Ramirez, and Naquibullah Safi
12. The Social Cash Transfer Programme of Malawi: The Role of Evaluation from the Pilot to the Expansion, Gustavo Angeles, Sara Abdoulayi, Clare Barrington, Sudhanshu Handa, Esmie Kainja, Peter Mvula, Harry Mwamlima, Maxton Tsoka, and Tayllor Spadafora
13. The Impact of a Promise Realized: South Africa's Child Support Grant, Michael Samson, Evelyne Nyokangi, Carolyn J. Heinrich, Lucie Cluver, John Hoddinott, George Laryea-Adjei, Thabani Buthelezi, Maureen Mogotsi, Selwyn Jehoma, Thilde Stevens, and Ingrid van Niekerk
PART III: Synthesis of Results
14. Conclusions and Policy Implications for Cash Transfer Programmes, Benjamin Davis, Sudhanshu Handa, Nicola Hypher, Natalia Winder Rossi, Paul Winters, and Jennifer Yablonski

From Evidence to Action

The Story of Cash Transfers and Impact Evaluation in Sub Saharan Africa

Edited by Benjamin Davis, Sudhanshu Handa, Nicola Hypher, Natalia Winder Rossi, Paul Winters, and Jennifer Yablonski

Author Information

Benjamin Davis, Deputy Director, Agricultural Development Economics Division,Sudhanshu Handa, Professor, Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Chief, Social and Economic Policy, UNICEF Office of Research,Nicola Hypher, Senior Social Protection Adviser, Save the Children,Natalia Winder Rossi, Senior Social Protection Officer,Paul Winters, Director, Strategic Planning and Impact Assessment, International Fund for Agricultural Development; Professor, Department of Economics, American University,Jennifer Yablonski, Social Protection Specialist, UNICEF

Benjamin Davis is Deputy Director of the Agricultural Development Economics Division at FAO and team leader of the From Production to Protection (PtoP) project. He has served as Social Policy Advisor for the UNICEF Regional Office in Eastern and Southern Africa and as a Research and Post Doctoral Fellow at IFPRI. He holds a PhD in Agricultural Economics and a Masters in Public Policy from UC Berkeley.

Sudhanshu Handa is a development economist specializing in poverty, human resources, and public policy in developing countries. Over the last five years he has led five large-scale evaluations of national cash transfer programs in sub-Saharan Africa as part of the Transfer Project. His previous positions include Lecturer at the University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Jamaica, Professor of Agricultural Economics at the Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique, and Regional Social Policy Advisor, Eastern & Southern Africa Regional Office, UNICEF. He received his PhD in Economics from the University of Toronto and his BA in Political Economy from the Johns Hopkins University.

Nicola Hypher is Senior Social Protection Adviser at Save the Children. In this role, Nicola leads the social protection portfolio for Save the Children, providing technical support and programme development. Prior to this, she worked as a Research Analyst for the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) and the UK Public Sector. Nicola's areas of expertise include child-sensitive social protection, social policy and social housing. Nicola holds an MSc. in Development Studies from the London School of Economics.

Natalia Winder Rossi is a senior social protection specialist with experience in Latin America and Eastern and Southern Africa. She is Senior Social Protection Officer at FAO. Prior to joining FAO, she was the Senior Programme Specialist (Social Protection) at UNICEF's Regional Office for Eastern and Southern Africa where she led UNICEF support for social protection across 21 countries. Ms. Winder co-led and co-authored the development of UNICEF's first ever Social Protection Strategic Framework, which lays out UNICEF approach and principles for their work in this. Prior to joining UNICEF, Ms. Winder worked at the Inter-American Development Bank is social protection design, indigenous peoples development and education programmes.

Paul Winters is the Director of Strategic Planning and Impact Assessment at the International Fund for Agricultural Development and a Professor in the Department of Economics at American University in Washington DC. He previously worked at the International Potato Center in Lima Peru, the University of New England in Australia, and the Inter-American Development Bank in Washington, DC. He has published numerous journal articles and working papers in the areas of impact evaluation, migration, cash transfer programmes, and smallholder agriculture.

Jenn Yablonski works as a Social Protection Specialist for UNICEF in New York. Her experience includes technical support on social protection policy development and programme design and cash transfer impact evaluation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Her previous work has focused on inequality, exclusion and poverty analysis. She holds an MSc in Economics from the School for Oriental and African Studies, University of London.

Contributors:

Sara Abdoulayi, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Mawutor Ablo, Government of Ghana
Solomon Afaw, FAO
Carlos Alviar, UNICEF
Gustavo Angeles, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Ramla Attah, Oxford Policy Management
Clair Barrington, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Angela Baschieri, UNICEF
Guush Berhane, IFPRI
Beyene Birru, UNICEF
Joanne Bosworth, UNICEF
Thabani Buthelezi, DSD
Ted Chaiban, UNICEF
Lucie Cluver, University of Oxford and University of Cape Town
Luis Corral, UNICEF
Silvio Daidone, Food and Agriculture Organization
Benjamin Davis, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Stephen Devereux, IDS
Lovemore Dumba, Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare
Mohammad Farooq, UNICEF
Mateusz Filipski, International Food Policy Research Institute
Sudhanshu Handa, University of North Carolina and UNICEF
Sarah Hague, UNICEF
Charlotte Harland, independent
Carolyn J. Heinrich, The University of Texas at Austin
John Hoddinott, IFPRI and Cornell University
J. Hoel, IFPRI
Mariam Homayoun, Delegation of the European Union to Lesotho
Nicola Hypher, Save the Children
Selwyn Jehoma, EPRI
J. Kagin, University of California, Davis
Esmie Kainja, Government of Malawi
Andrew Kardan, Oxford Policy Management
George Laryea-Adjei, UNICEF
Natasha Ledlie, IFPRI
Heshe Lemma, Government of Tigray
Djanabou Mahonde, UNICEF
Malefetsane Masasa, Ministry of Social Development of Lesotho
Anna McCord, ODI and University of Manchester
Stanfield Michelo, Ministry of Community Development
Maureen Mogotsi, DSD
Daniel Musembi, Government of Kenya
Leon Muwoni, UNICEF Zimbabwe
Harry Mwamlima, Government of Malawi
Winnie Mwasiaji, Government of Kenya
Peter Mvula, University of Malawi
Fredu Nega Tegebu, Mekelle University
Ousmane Niang, UNICEF Lesotho
Ingrid van Niekerk, EPRI
Evelyne Nyokangi, EPRI
Samuel Ochieng, Government of Kenya
Lawrence Ofori-Addo, Government of Ghana
Roger Pearson, UNICEF
Luca Pellerano Oxford Policy Management
Remy Pigois, UNICEF
Pamela Pozarny, FAO
Paul Quarl van Ufford, UNICEF Zambia
Luigi Peter Ragno, UNICEF and University of Manchester
Bettina Ramirez, UNICEF Lesotho
Hannah Reeves, American Institutes for Research
Keetie Roelen, IDS
Naquibullah Safi, UNICEF Lesotho
Peter Salama, UNICEF
Elayn Sammon, UNICEF Zimbabwe
Michael Samson, EPRI
Benjamin Schwab, IFPRI
David Seidenfeld, American Institutes for Research
Ibrahim Sessay, UNICEF
Tayllor Spadafora, UNICEF
Thilde Stevens, DSD
J. Edward Taylor, University of California, Davis
Gelson Tembo, University of Zambia and Palm Associates
Karen Thome, USDA Economic Research Service
Kelley Toole, DFID Zambia
Yalem Tsegay, Government of Tigray
Maxton Tsoka, University of Malawi
Afua Twun-Danso, University of Sheffield
Patrick Ward, Oxford Policy Management
Douglas Webb, UNDP
Natalia Winder Rossi, UNICEF
Paul Winters, UNICEF
Will Wiseman, World Bank
Denis Wood
Jennifer Yablonski, UNICEF