Kieron O'Hara is a philosopher and computer scientist who researches the social and political effects of technology, specialising in the World Wide Web. His particular interests are in privacy, trust, and digital modernity. He has also written extensively on conservatism and the British Conservative Party. He is an Emeritus Fellow at the University of Southampton.

Dame Wendy Hall, DBE, FRS, FREng, is Regius Professor of Computer Science, Associate Vice President of International Engagement, and Executive Director of the Web Science Institute at the University of Southampton. She became a Dame Commander of the British Empire in the 2009 UK New Year's Honours list, and is a Fellow of the Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering. Dame Wendy was co-chair of the UK government's AI Review and the first Skills Champion for AI in the UK. In May 2020, she was appointed as Chair of the Ada Lovelace Institute and she serves as a fellow of the Atlantic Council GeoTech Center.

Vinton Cerf is the Vice President and Chief Internet Evangelist of Google, LLC.

"A stunning challenge to notions of a fixed and idealized Internet and a must-read account of how many geopolitical networks can, and must, co-exist." -- Laura DeNardis, Professor at American University and author of The Internet in Everything: Freedom and Security in a World with No Off Switch

"O'Hara and Hall define four ideal types, anchored in concrete examples, to capture evolving visions and realities of the Internet. Written in an engaging and accessible style, Four Internets provides an original perspective of value to anyone interested in the key social, technical, and governance issues shaping the global future of the digital age." -- William H. Dutton, Founding Director of the Oxford Internet Institute

"Four Internets reveals how the behemoth tech sectors in the United States and China tell only part of the story about governance in the digital age. Readers interested in international relations, global commerce, and technology policy will enjoy delving into this rich account of global network complexity." -- Aynne Kokas, University of Virginia and the Baker Institute China Studies Program

"The Internet has profoundly changed the world, but it has many possible futures. This excellent book tells you what some of the most important ones could look like." -- Joseph S. Nye, former Dean of the Harvard Kennedy School and author of Do Morals Matter? Presidents and Foreign Policy from FDR to Trump

"Our economic and social health increasingly depends upon the global internet, yet as O'Hara and Hall warn, its future is up for grabs. They expertly lay out four possible digital futures, with widely differing consequences for us all. A must read for all concerned about international affairs, innovation, wealth creation, and personal privacy." -- Sir David Omand, former UK Security and Intelligence Coordinator and Director of GCHQ

"Today, especially in the context of Covid-19, the internet is part of all our lives. For those who want to know more—the origins and future direction of the internet, the forces creating the 'splinternet,' the implications of AI, IoT, and social machines—this book is invaluable." -- JP Rangaswami, Chairman of the Web Science Trust