1. Introduction
2. Socrates: the Choice of Lives
3. Plato
4. Aristotle
5. Scepticism
6. Epicurus: Happiness as Pleasure
7. The Stoics: Happiness as Virtue
8. Christian Belief and Moral Philosophy: Augustine
9. Aquinas
10. Scotus and Ockham
11. Morality and Social Human Nature: Suarez and Grotius
12. Hobbes: Natural Law without Social Human Nature
13. Voluntarism, Naturalism and Moral Realism: Pufendorf, Shaftesbury, Cudworth, and Clarke
14. Sentimentalism: A Non-Rational Ground for Morality. Hutcheson and Hume
15. Rationalism: a Rational Ground for Morality. Butler, Price, and Reid
16. Kant and Some Critics
17. Schopenhauer: Kant's Insights and Errors
18. Hegel: Beyond Kantian Morality
19. Nietzsche: Against Kant and Morality
20. Utilitarianism: Mill and Sidgwick
21. Beyond Kantian and Utilitarian Morality: an Idealist Alternative. Green and Bradley
22. Meta-ethics: Objectivity and its Critics
23. Utilitarianism and its Critics: Some Further Questions