* Indicates commissioned article
Introduction
The Nature of Moral Assessment
Challenges to Morality I: Ethical Egoism
Challenges to Morality II: Ethical Relativism
Four Normative Theories
Part One: Moral Standing
1. Animal Welfarism
Moral Standing and Speciesism
- "All Animals Are Equal", Peter Singer
Beyond Utilitarianism
Problems with Animal Welfarism and Animal Citizenship
- "Animal Citizenship" (Canadian) (commissioned) * NEW, Sue Donaldson and Will Kymlicka
Case Study: Sustainabilitarianism and Eating Beef
2. Biocentrism
Rights for Living Things?
- "Should Trees Have Standing? Toward Legal Rights for Natural Objects", Christopher Stone
Biocentric Egalitarianism
- "The Biocentric Outlook on Nature", Paul W. Taylor
Human Superiority and Inter-Species Conflict
Case Study: Respect for Nature and the North Mackenzie River Watershed
3. Ecocentrism and Deep Ecology
The Land Ethic
- "The Land Ethic", Aldo Leopold
Going Deep
- "Identification as a Source of Deep Ecological Attitudes", Arne Naess
Three Objections and Responses
Case Study: Tallgrass Prairie as an "Endangered Space"
Part Two: Challenges and New Directions
4. Economics and Ecology
Optimal Thinking
- "People or Penguins: The Case for Optimal Pollution", William F. Baxter
The Allure of Cost-Benefit Analysis
Problems with Cost-Benefit Analysis
- "Ethics, Public Policy, and Global Warming" * NEW, Dale Jamieson
Case Study: Aquaculture and the Economic Growth Imperative
5. Environmental Pragmatism
Two Problems with Intrinsic Value
Value Pluralism: Reclaiming the Land Ethic
- "Before Environmental Ethics", Anthony Weston
The Importance of Building Consensus
- "Environmental Pragmatism" *, Jennifer Welchman
Case Study: Protecting Canada's Freshwater Resource
6. Ecofeminism
Sexism and Naturism: Making the Connection
- "The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism", Karen J. Warren
Overcoming Dualisms
Ecofeminism Now
- "Ecofeminists Without Borders: The Power of Method" * NEW, Patricia Glazebrook
E Conclusion
Case Study: Dioxin in Breast Milk and Women as Frontline Environmentalists
7. Environmental Aesthetics
Beauty and Duty: Mapping the Terrain
- "Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature and Environmentalism" *, Allen Carlson
The Dispositive Character of Natural Beauty Judgments
- "The Moral Dimensions of Natural Beauty" *, Ronald Moore
Aesthetic Weight and the Preservationist's Dilemma
- "Aesthetic Preservation" *, Glenn Parsons
Case Study: Nunavut and the Reciprocity Thesis
8. First Nations' Perspectives
The Circle
- "The Sacred Circle of Life", Georges Sioui
Confronting Myths of the Ecological Amerindian
- "The 'Ecological Indian' and Environmentalism" *, Bruce Morito
Traditional Ecological Knowledge
Case Study: Language, Land, and the Residential Schools
9. Environmental Virtue Ethics
Human Excellence and the Environment
- "Ideals of Human Excellence and Preserving Natural Environments", Thomas E. Hill, Jr.
Epistemic Environmental Virtues
- "Epistemic Virtue and the Ecological Crisis" NEW, Byron Williston
Two Objections and Responses
Case Study: Three Canadian Environmentalist Exemplars
10. Social Ecology and Environmental Activism
Bookchin's Social Ecology
The Importance of Activism
- "Environmental Political Activism" * NEW, Nir Barak and Avner de-Shalit
The Problem of Domination
Integrity and Stewardship
- "Ecological Integrity: Between Ethics and Law" * NEW, Laura Westra
Case Study: Fighting Hierarchy through Access to Knowledge
Part Three: Environmental Issues
11. Climate Change
Confronting Climate Change Denial
Responsibility for Climate Change
- "American Disenlightenment, or Climate Change Made in the USA" * NEW, Martin Schonfeld
The Problem of Political Inertia
- "Saved by Disaster? Abrupt Climate Change, Political Inertia, and the Possibility of an Intergenerational Arms Race", Stephen M. Gardiner
Case Study: Current Effects of Climate Change: The Mountain Pine Beetle
12. Population and Consumption
Malthus's Challenge
- "An Essay on the Principle of Population", Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus
The Economist's Retort
- "Can the Supply of Natural Resources Really Be Infinite? Yes!", Julian Simon
Peak Oil and the Tar Sands
Case Study: Making Space for Grizzlies
13. The Biodiversity Crisis
Species or Individuals?
The Nature of Biodiversity
- "The Power of Diversity", David Suzuki
The Value of Biodiversity
- "Why Put a Value on Biodiversity?", David Ehrenfeld
Species Preservation: The Challenge of Climate Change
- "Global Climate Change and Species Preservation" * NEW, Ronald L. Sandler
Case Study: Biodiversity in Carolinian Canada
14. Sustainability
Sustainability and Human Needs
- "The Concept of 'Sustainability'" *, Robert F. Litke
Sustainability and Substitutability
Sustainability and the City
- "Sustainability and Sense of Place" *, Ingrid Leman Stefanovic
Case Study: Nuclear Power: Unsustainable Train to the Future?