Emotion Explained
Edmund T. Rolls
Table of Contents
1:Introduction: the issues
1.1:Introduction
1.2:Rewards and punishers
1.3:Approaches to emotion and motivation
1.4:Outline
2:The nature of emotion
2.1:Introduction
2.2:A theory of emotion
2.3:Different emotions
2.4:Refinements of the theory of emotion
2.5:The classification of emotion
2.6:Other theories of emotion
2.7:Individual differences in emotion, personality and emotional intelligence
2.8:Cognition and emotion
2.9:Emotion, motivation, reward and mood
2.10:The concept of emotion
2.11:Advantages of the approach
3:The functions of emotion: reward, punishment and emotion in brain design
3.1:Introduction
3.2:Brain design and the functions of emotion
3.3:Selection of behaviour: cost-benefit 'analysis'
3.4:Further functions of emotion
3.5:The functions of emotion in an evolutionary, Darwinian, context
3.6:The functions of motivation in an evolutionary, Darwinian, context
3.7:Are all goals for action gene-specified?
4:The brain mechanisms underlying emotion
4.1:Introduction
4.2:Overview
4.3:Representations of primary reinforcers
4.4:Representing potential secondary reinforcers
4.5:The orbitofrontal cortex
4.6:The amygdala
4.7:The cingulate cortex
4.8:Human brain imaging investigations of mood and depression
4.9:Output pathways for emotional responses
4.10:Effects of emotion on cognitive processing and memory
4.11:Laterality effects in human emotional processing
4.12:Summary
5:Hunger
5.1:Introduction
5.2:Peripheral signals for hunger and satiety
5.3:The control signals for hunger and satiety
5.4:The brain control of eating and reward
5.5:Obesity, bulimia and anorexia
5.6:Conclusions on reward, affective responses to food, and the control of appetite
6:Thirst
6.1:Introduction
6.2:Cellular stimuli for drinking
6.3:Extracellular thirst stimuli
6.4:Control of normal drinking
6.5:Reward and satiety signals for drinking
6.6:Summary
7:Brain-stimulation reward
7.1:Introduction
7.2:The nature of the reward produced
7.3:The location of brain-stimulation reward sites in the brain
7.4:The effects of brain lesions on intracranial self-stimulation
7.5:The neurophysiology of reward
7.6:Some of the properties of brain-stimulation reward
7.7:Stimulus-bound motivational behaviour
7.8:Conclusions
7.9:Apostasis
8:Pharmacology of emotion, reward and addiction; the basal ganglia
8.1:Introduction
8.2:The noradrenergic hypothesis
8.3:Dopamine and reward
8.4:The basal ganglia
8.5:Opiate reward systems, analgesia, and food reward
8.6:Pharmacology of depression in relation to brain systems involved in emotion
8.7:Pharmacology of anxiety in relation to brain systems involved in emotion
8.8:Cannabinoids
8.9:Overview of behavioural selection and output systems involved in emotion
9:Sexual behaviour, reward and brain function; sexual selection of behaviour
9.1:Introduction
9.2:Mate selection, attractiveness and love
9.3:Parental attachment, care and parent-offspring conflict
9.4:Sperm competition
9.5:Concealed ovulation and its consequences for sexual behaviour
9.6:Sexual selection of sexual and non-sexual behaviour
9.7:Individual differences in sexual rewards
9.8:The neural reward mechanisms that might mediate some aspects of sexual behaviour
9.9:Neural basis of sexual behaviour
9.10:Conclusion
10:Emotional feelings and consciousness: a theory of consciousness
10.1:Introduction
10.2:A theory of consciousness
10.3:Dual routes to action
10.4:Representations
10.5:Discussion
10.6:Conclusions and comparisons
11:Conclusions and broader issues
11.1:Conclusions
11.2:Decision-making
11.3:Emotion and ethics
11.4:Emotion and literature
11.5:Close
App A:Neural networks and emotion-related learning
App B:Reward reversal in the orbitofrontal cortex - a model
