Emotion Explained
Edmund T. Rolls
Table of Contents
1: Introduction: the issues
1.1: Introduction
1.2: Rewards and punishers
1.3: Approaches to emotion and motivation
1.4: Outline
2: The nature of emotion
2.1: Introduction
2.2: A theory of emotion
2.3: Different emotions
2.4: Refinements of the theory of emotion
2.5: The classification of emotion
2.6: Other theories of emotion
2.7: Individual differences in emotion, personality and emotional intelligence
2.8: Cognition and emotion
2.9: Emotion, motivation, reward and mood
2.10: The concept of emotion
2.11: Advantages of the approach
3: The functions of emotion: reward, punishment and emotion in brain design
3.1: Introduction
3.2: Brain design and the functions of emotion
3.3: Selection of behaviour: cost-benefit 'analysis'
3.4: Further functions of emotion
3.5: The functions of emotion in an evolutionary, Darwinian, context
3.6: The functions of motivation in an evolutionary, Darwinian, context
3.7: Are all goals for action gene-specified?
4: The brain mechanisms underlying emotion
4.1: Introduction
4.2: Overview
4.3: Representations of primary reinforcers
4.4: Representing potential secondary reinforcers
4.5: The orbitofrontal cortex
4.6: The amygdala
4.7: The cingulate cortex
4.8: Human brain imaging investigations of mood and depression
4.9: Output pathways for emotional responses
4.10: Effects of emotion on cognitive processing and memory
4.11: Laterality effects in human emotional processing
4.12: Summary
5: Hunger
5.1: Introduction
5.2: Peripheral signals for hunger and satiety
5.3: The control signals for hunger and satiety
5.4: The brain control of eating and reward
5.5: Obesity, bulimia and anorexia
5.6: Conclusions on reward, affective responses to food, and the control of appetite
6: Thirst
6.1: Introduction
6.2: Cellular stimuli for drinking
6.3: Extracellular thirst stimuli
6.4: Control of normal drinking
6.5: Reward and satiety signals for drinking
6.6: Summary
7: Brain-stimulation reward
7.1: Introduction
7.2: The nature of the reward produced
7.3: The location of brain-stimulation reward sites in the brain
7.4: The effects of brain lesions on intracranial self-stimulation
7.5: The neurophysiology of reward
7.6: Some of the properties of brain-stimulation reward
7.7: Stimulus-bound motivational behaviour
7.8: Conclusions
7.9: Apostasis
8: Pharmacology of emotion, reward and addiction; the basal ganglia
8.1: Introduction
8.2: The noradrenergic hypothesis
8.3: Dopamine and reward
8.4: The basal ganglia
8.5: Opiate reward systems, analgesia, and food reward
8.6: Pharmacology of depression in relation to brain systems involved in emotion
8.7: Pharmacology of anxiety in relation to brain systems involved in emotion
8.8: Cannabinoids
8.9: Overview of behavioural selection and output systems involved in emotion
9: Sexual behaviour, reward and brain function; sexual selection of behaviour
9.1: Introduction
9.2: Mate selection, attractiveness and love
9.3: Parental attachment, care and parent-offspring conflict
9.4: Sperm competition
9.5: Concealed ovulation and its consequences for sexual behaviour
9.6: Sexual selection of sexual and non-sexual behaviour
9.7: Individual differences in sexual rewards
9.8: The neural reward mechanisms that might mediate some aspects of sexual behaviour
9.9: Neural basis of sexual behaviour
9.10: Conclusion
10: Emotional feelings and consciousness: a theory of consciousness
10.1: Introduction
10.2: A theory of consciousness
10.3: Dual routes to action
10.4: Representations
10.5: Discussion
10.6: Conclusions and comparisons
11: Conclusions and broader issues
11.1: Conclusions
11.2: Decision-making
11.3: Emotion and ethics
11.4: Emotion and literature
11.5: Close
App A: Neural networks and emotion-related learning
App B: Reward reversal in the orbitofrontal cortex - a model
