Electronic Instrument Design
Architecting for the Life Cycle
Kim R. Fowler
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
1: Systems Engineering
1.1: Introduction
1.2: Overview of Systems Engineering
1.3: The Systems Perspective
1.4: Documentation
1.5: Concept Development
1.6: Requirements
1.7: Design Development
1.8: Rapid Prototyping and Field Testing
1.9: Validation, Verification, and Integration
1.10: Maintenance and Life-Cycle Costs
1.11: Failure, Iteration, and Judgment
1.12: Summary
1.13: Recommended Reading
1.14: References
2: Architecting and Engineering Judgment
2.1: Good Engineering
2.2: Questions to Ask
2.3: Architecting
2.4: Design Concerns and Heuristics
2.5: Teamwork and Trust
2.6: A Common Problem: Real-Time Control
2.7: Case Studies
2.8: Summary
2.9: Recommended Reading
2.10: References
3: Documentation
3.1: Don't Skip This Chapter
3.2: Types of Documentation
3.3: Records, Accountability, and Liability
3.4: Audience
3.5: Preparation, Presentation, and Preservation
3.6: Methods
3.7: Visual Techniques
3.8: Layout
3.9: Writing Well
3.10: Summary
3.11: Recommended Reading
3.12: References
4: The Human Interface
4.1: Man-Machine Dialgoue and Industrial Design
4.2: User-Centered Design
4.3: Five Elements of Successful Design
4.4: Cognition
4.5: Ergonomics
4.6: Utility
4.7: Principles for Appropriate Operation
4.8: Image
4.9: Ownership
4.10: Practical Applications and System Implications
4.11: Some Sources of Errors
4.12: Interface Design Specifications
4.13: Case Studies
4.14: Summary
4.15: Recommended Reading
4.16: References
5: Packaging and Enclosures
5.1: Packaging's Influence and Its Factors
5.2: Design for Manufacture, Assembly and Disassembly
5.3: Wiring
5.4: Temperature
5.5: Vibration and Shock
5.6: Rugged Systems
5.7: Component Packaging
5.8: Other Mechanical Issues
5.9: Case Studies
5.10: Summary
5.11: Recommended Reading
5.12: References
6: Grounding and Shielding
6.1: Foundations of Circuit Operation
6.2: Outline for Grounding and Shielding Design
6.3: Safety
6.4: Noise
6.5: Priniples of Energy Coupling
6.6: Grounding
6.7: Filtering
6.8: Shielding
6.9: Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge
6.10: General Rules for Design
6.11: Case Study
6.12: Summary
6.13: Recommended Reading
6.14: References
7: Circuit Design
7.1: From Symbols to Substance
7.2: Convert Requirements into Design
7.3: Reliability
7.4: Fault Tolerance
7.5: High-Speed Design
7.6: Low-Power Design
7.7: Noise and Error Budgets
7.8: Standard Data Buses and Networks
7.9: Reset and Power Failure Detection
7.10: Interface: Input
7.11: Interface: Output
7.12: Breadboards, Evaluation Boards, and Prototypes
7.13: Summary
7.14: Recommended Reading
7.15: References
8: Circuit Layout
8.1: Mundane but Necessary Circuit Boards
8.2: Circuit Boards
8.3: Component Placement
8.4: Routing Signal Traces
8.5: Ground, Returns, and Shields
8.6: Connectors and Cables
8.7: Design for Manufacture
8.8: Testing and Maintenance
8.9: Summary
8.10: Recommended Reading
8.11: References
9: Power
9.1: Sources and Requirements
9.2: Outline for Power Design
9.3: Buy versus Build
9.4: Power Conversion Choices
9.5: Definitions and Specifications
9.6: Power Distribution
9.7: Line Conditioning
9.8: Electromagnetic Distribution
9.9: Reliability
9.10: Batteries
9.11: Other Power Sources
9.12: Case Studies
9.13: Summary
9.14: Recommended Reading
9.15: References
10: Cooling
10.1: Heat Transfer
10.2: Approach to Thermal Management
10.3: Mechanisms for Cooling
10.4: Operating Range
10.5: Basic Thermal Calculations
10.6: Cooling Choices
10.7: Heat Sink Selection
10.8: Heat Pipes and Thermal Pillows
10.9: Fans and Forced Air Cooling
10.10: Liquid Cooling
10.11: Evaporation and Refrigeration
10.12: Trade-offs in Design
10.13: Analysis and Experimentation
10.14: Case Studies
10.15: Summary
10.16: Recommended Reading
10.17: References
11: Software
11.1: Why Software in a Book about Exercises?
11.2: Types of Software
11.3: Traditional Software Life Cycle
11.4: Models, Metrics, and Software Limitations
11.5: Risk Abatement and Failure Prevention
11.6: Software Bugs and Testing
11.7: Good Programming Practice
11.8: User Interface
11.9: Embedded, Real-Time Software
11.10: Case-Studies and Design Examples
11.11: Summary
11.12: Recommended Reading
11.13: References
12: Debugging and Testing
12.1: Understand Your Components and Circuits
12.2: Steps to Debugging
12.3: Techniques for Troubleshooting
12.4: Characterization
12.5: Electromechanical Components
12.6: Passive Components
12.7: Active Devices
12.8: Operational Amplifiers
12.9: Analog-Digital Conversion
12.10: Digital Components
12.11: Case Study: Sensor Calibration
12.12: Summary
12.13: Recommended Reading
12.14: References
13: Integration, Production, and Logistics
13.1: Putting It All Together
13.2: Inspection and Tests of Components
13.3: Simulation, Protyping, and Testing
13.4: Integration
13.5: Validation and Verification
13.6: Procurement
13.7: Manufacturing
13.8: Maintenance and Repair
13.9: Training
13.10: Disposal and Environmental Concerns
13.11: Case Study: Test System for Avionics
13.12: Summary
13.13: References
Appendix A: Outline of Milestones and Documents for Developing Electronic Instruments
Appendix B: Design Review Checklists
Appendic C: Software Design Tools
Index
