Dynamism, Rivalry, and the Surplus Economy

Two Essays on the Nature of Capitalism

János Kornai

Professor Kornai is a profound thinker and well-respected economist
He is the leading scholar of capitalism and socialism in Europe

Dynamism, Rivalry, and the Surplus Economy

Two Essays on the Nature of Capitalism

János Kornai

Description

In Dynamism, Rivalry, and the Surplus Economy, János Kornai examines capitalism as an economic system and in comparison to socialism. Kornai explains his view of capitalism as an economy of surplus--a chronic excess of supply of goods and labor. This environment breeds rivalry among producers, which in turn encourages innovation. Socialism, on the other hand, is defined by a shortage of goods and labor and excess of demand. Whereas socialism is slothful and imitative, capitalism is dynamic and progressive. The two essays of this book will explore these differing ideologies on macro and micro levels, ending with definitive explanations of how the systems work and how they develop.

Dynamism, Rivalry, and the Surplus Economy

Two Essays on the Nature of Capitalism

János Kornai

List of Tables
List of Figures
Preface

First Essay: Innovation and Dynamism
1 Introduction
2 Capitalism, Socialism, and Technical Progress
2.1 Revolutionary new products
2.2 Following the pioneers, the diffusion of innovation
2.3 Innovative entrepreneurship under capitalism
2.4 The impossibility of innovative entrepreneurship under socialism
2.5 Political factors and technical progress
2.6 First summary: systems and technical progress
3 Transformation and the Acceleration of Technical Progress
3.1 New innovator entrepreneurs
3.2 The acceleration of follow-up and diffusion
3.3 Creative destruction
4 Reflection of Historical Reality in People's Minds
4.1 The basic phenomenon: lack of understanding
4.2 The responsibility of the economic profession
4.3 The responsibility of politicians
4.4 Interconnectivity and democracy
5 Concluding Remarks

Second Essay: Shortage Economy - Surplus Economy
1 Introduction
1.1 Impressions
1.2 A first approach to clarification of concepts
1.3 The place the approach taken in the essay occupies in economic discourse
1.4 An advance look at the bounds of the subject-matter and its structure
2 The Market for Goods and Services: The Mechanism for the Reproduction of Surplus
2.1 An example from economic history: the US telephone system
2.2 Supply-related processes
2.3 Demand-related processes
2.4 The pricing process
3 The Market for Products and Services: The Conceptual Apparatus and Measurement Methods
3.1 "Pure," easily handled cases
3.2 The first difficulty: continual mutual adjustment of supply and demand
3.3 The second difficulty: parallel occurrences of excess supply and excess demand
3.4 Diversion: observing the obstacles to and micro constraints on production
3.5 The third difficulty: distinguishing "necessary" from "superfluous" stocks
3.6 The fourth difficulty: unjustified aggregation
3.7 Pragmatic suggestions for measurement and a conceptual apparatus
3.8 Formation of synthetic indicators or "composite indices"
4 The Labor Market: The Mechanism for the Reproduction of Surplus
4.1 Conceptual clarification and measurement
4.2 The shock to the labor market caused by the change of system
4.3 "Keynesian" unemployment
4.4 Structural unemployment
4.5 Mismatched adjustment, frictional unemployment, and demand
4.6 The efficiency wage
5 A Summary of the Positive Description and Causal Analysis
5.1 The workability of the concept of "equilibrium"
5.2 Asymmetry
5.3 A summary account of the two demand-supply regimes
5.4 The generation of a surplus economy by the capitalist system: the causal chain
5.5 Genetic propensities
6 The Effect and Assessment of the Surplus Economy
6.1 A view of the effects and the value judgments
6.2 Innovation
6.3 The sovereignty and manipulation of the consumer
6.4 Productivity and coordination
6.5 Adaptation
6.6 Distribution of income and wealth
6.7 "Materialistic" and "spiritual" values
6.8 The direction of corruption
6.9 The advantages and drawbacks of capitalist competition, through the example of the automotive industry
6.10 A stand in favor of capitalism and the surplus economy
6.11 The scope for a theoretical synthesis and its constraints
6.12 The demand for mathematical models with explanatory force
7 Departures from the General Scheme
7.1 Fluctuations of the business cycle
7.2 The war economy
7.3 Historic changes and lasting tendencies in modern capitalism
8 A Personal Postscript
Appendix

References
Index

Dynamism, Rivalry, and the Surplus Economy

Two Essays on the Nature of Capitalism

János Kornai

Author Information

Professor of Economics Emeritus, Harvard University and Corvinus University of Budapest. More information can be found at www.kornai-janos.hu http://www.kornai-janos.hu.

Dynamism, Rivalry, and the Surplus Economy

Two Essays on the Nature of Capitalism

János Kornai

Reviews and Awards

"Kornai is one of the most profound, inspiring, and leading economists in the study of fundamental regularities in capitalism and socialism... This book fills an important intellectual gap in understanding the nature of capitalism." -- Journal of Economic Literature

"Dynamism, Rivalry and the Surplus Economy" gives an inspiring contribution to a research program somewhat left behind by the profession of economists. [It] will encourage a renewed and welcome plurality in the approach of the nature of the capitalist system." -- Bernard Chavance, The Journal of Comparative Economic Studies