Drug Use in Prisoners

Epidemiology, Implications, and Policy Responses

Edited by Dr. Stuart A, Kinner and Dr. Josiah D. Jody Rich

First-ever comprehensive, evidence-focused analysis of drug use among prisoners
Truly multi-disciplinary approach will be useful to criminologists, researchers, epidemiologists, physicians, correctional leaders, human rights lawyers, and public health experts
Suitable for undergraduate or postgraduate courses, as well as for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers
An international perspective from 40 expert authors from 10 countries worldwide

Drug Use in Prisoners

Epidemiology, Implications, and Policy Responses

Edited by Dr. Stuart A, Kinner and Dr. Josiah D. Jody Rich

Description

In most countries, problematic drug use is dealt with primarily as a criminal justice issue, rather than a health issue. Accordingly, a large proportion of people in prison have a history of alcohol, tobacco and/or illicit drug use and, despite the best efforts of correctional authorities, some continue to use these substances in prison, often in very risky ways. After release from prison, many relapse to risky substance use, and are at high risk of poor health outcomes, preventable death, or reincarceration.

In this edited volume, for the first time we bring together 40 contributors from 10 countries to review what is known about alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use in people who cycle through prisons, and the harms associated with use of these substances. We consider some evidence-based responses to these harms - both in prison and after return to the community - and discuss their implications for policy reform.

This book is international in scope and multi-disciplinary in character. It brings together and integrates the perspectives of public health and addictions researchers, criminologists and correctional leaders, epidemiologists, physicians, and human rights lawyers. Our contributors are unified in their commitment to evidence-informed policy - that is, doing what we know works. An overarching theme pervading all of the chapters is that people who cycle through prisons come from the community, and almost always return to the community. Their health problems are therefore our health problems; in other words, 'prisoner health is public health'.

Drug Use in Prisoners

Epidemiology, Implications, and Policy Responses

Edited by Dr. Stuart A, Kinner and Dr. Josiah D. Jody Rich

Prologue
Acknowledgments
About the Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1: The 'drugs-crime nexus'
Dominique de Andrade
Chapter 2: The global epidemiology of drug use in prison
Chloe Carpentier, Luis Royuela, Linda Montanari, Philip Davis
Chapter 3: Injecting while incarcerated
M-J Milloy
Chapter 4: Alcohol use among incarcerated individuals
David Wyatt Seal, Sarah Yancey, Manasa Reddy, Stuart A. Kinner
Chapter 5: Tobacco use among prisoners
Jennifer Clarke, Manasa Reddy
Chapter 6: Substance use after release from prison
Sarah Larney, Mark Stoové, Stuart A. Kinner
Chapter 7: Drug use, HIV, and the high risk environment of prisons
Lyuba Azbel, Frederick L. Altice
Chapter 8: The perfect storm: Tuberculosis, substance use disorders and incarceration
Haider A. Al-Darraji, Frederick L. Altice
Chapter 9: Drug use in prisoners and hepatitis
Rebecca J. Winter, Margaret E. Hellard
Chapter 10: Drug use in prison and mental health
Kate Dolan, Michael Farrell, and Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
Chapter 11: Understanding the Risk Environment Surrounding Drug Use in Prisons: The Unique Contributions of Qualitative Research
Will Small, Ryan McNeil
Chapter 12: Drug use and prison: The challenge of making human rights protections a reality
Joanne Csete, Rick Lines, Ralf Jürgens
Chapter 13: Recidivism: The impact of substance abuse on continued involvement in the justice system
Faye Taxman, Mary Mun
Chapter 14: Substance use and consequences among people who have been incarcerated: A public health issue
Ingrid Binswanger, Andrea K. Finlay
Chapter 15: Supply reduction in prison: the evidence
Robert L. Trestman, Ashbel T. Wall
Chapter 16: Drug treatment for prisoners: Opioid substitution treatment, therapeutic communities and cognitive behavioral therapy
Kate Dolan, Zahra Alam-Mehrjerdi, Babak Moazen
Chapter 17: Harm reduction in prisons
Kathryn Snow, Michael Levy
Chapter 18: Preventing drug-related death in recently released prisoners
Julie Brummer, Lars Møller, Stefan Enggist
Chapter 19: Drug use in prisoners: Epidemiology, implications, and policy responses
Stuart A. Kinner, Josiah D. Rich

Drug Use in Prisoners

Epidemiology, Implications, and Policy Responses

Edited by Dr. Stuart A, Kinner and Dr. Josiah D. Jody Rich

Author Information

Edited by Dr. Stuart A, Kinner, NHMRC Senior Research Fellow, Professor, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Griffith University, University of Queensland, Monash University, and Edited by Dr. Josiah D. Jody Rich, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Director, Brown University, The Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, The Miriam Hospital

Stuart Kinner has a PhD in forensic psychology and leads a program of research on the health of people who cycle through the criminal justice system. He is Professor of Adolescent and Young Adult Health Equity at the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute in Melbourne, Australia, and Honorary Professor at the University of Melbourne, and Griffith University. Stuart also Chairs Australia's National Youth Justice Health Advisory Group, and co-Chairs the Research Committee in the US-based Academic Consortium in Criminal Justice Health.

Contributors:

Zahra Alam-Mehrjerdi, PhD
Program of International Research and Training, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre
University of New South Wales,
Randwick, NSW Australia

Haider A. Al-Darraji, MBChB, MSc
University of Malaya
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Frederick L. Altice, MD
School of Medicine, Yale University
School of Public Health, Yale University
New Haven, CT, USA
University of Malaya, Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA)

Lyuba Azbel, MSc
London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,
Camden, London, UK

Ingrid A. Binswanger, MD
Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente
Division of General Internal Medicine
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Denver, CO, USA

Julie Brummer, MPH
World Health Organization
Hovestaden, Denmark

Chloé Carpentier, MA, MSc
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
Vienna, Austria

Jennifer Clarke, MD
Medical Program Director, Rhode Island Department of Corrections
Associate Professor of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
Providence, RI, USA

Joanne Csete, PhD
Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health
New York, NY USA

Philip Davis, PhD
United Nations Office On Drugs and Crime (UNODC)

Dominique de Andrade, PhD
Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research
Queensland University of Technology
Griffith Criminology Institute & Menzies Health Institute Queensland
Griffith University
Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Kate Dolan, PhD
UNSW Sydney, Kensington
National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre
Kensington, NSW, Australia

Stefan Enggist, MA
Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH)
Bern, Switzerland

Michael Farrell, PhD

Andrea K. Finlay, PhD
Center for Innovation to Implementation
VA Palo Alto Health Care System
National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans
Department of Veterans Affairs
Menlo Park, CA, USA

Margaret E Hellard, PhD, FAFPHM
Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute
School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
Monash University
Alfred Hospital
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Ralf Jürgens, PhD
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria
Geneva, Switzerland

Stuart A. Kinner, PhD
NHMRC Senior Research Fellow
Professor, Adolescent and Young Adult Health Equity
Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
Honorary Professor, Centre for Mental Health
Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne
Honorary Associate Professor
School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Adjunct Professor
Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith university
Honorary Associate Professor
Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland
Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Sarah Larney, PhD
National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales
Randwick, NSW Australia
Alpert Medical School, Brown University

Michael Levy, MPH
Hume Health Centre, Alexander Maconochie Centre
School of Medicine, Australian National University
Canberra, ACT, Australia

Rick Lines, PhD
Harm Reduction International
London, UK

Ryan McNeil, PhD
British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospita
Vancouver, BC, Canada
Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University
Burnaby, BC, Canada

M-J Milloy, PhD
Division of AIDS, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia
BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital
Vancouver, BC, Canada

Babak Moazen, MSc
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center
Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tehran, Iran

Linda Montanari, MA
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
Lisbon, Portugal

Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, MS
Program of International Research and Training, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre
University of New South Wales
Randwick, NSW Australia
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center
Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tehran, Iran

Lars Møller, MD
WHO Regional Office for Europe
Copenhagen, Denmark

Mary Mun, BSc
New York University,
New York, NY USA

Manasa Reddy, MPH
Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, The Miriam Hospital,
Providence, RI, USA

Josiah D. Rich, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology
Brown University
Director, The Center for Prison Health and Human Rights
The Miriam Hospital
Providence, Rhode Island, USA

Luis Royuela, MSc
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
Libson, Portugal

Will Small, PhD
Faculty of Health Sciences
Simon Fraser University
Burnaby, BC, Canada

Kathryn Snow, MSc
Melbourne School of Population and Global Health
University of Melbourne,
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Mark Stoové, PhD
Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute
Melbourne, Australia

David Wyatt Seal, PhD
School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
Tulane University
New Orleans, LA

Faye S. Taxman, PhD
Center for Advancing Correctional Excellence!,
Department of Criminology, Law & Society
George Mason University
Fairfax, Virginia USA

Robert L. Trestman, MD
Chair of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine
Virginia Tech/Carilion School of Medicine
Carilion Clinic
Roanoke, VA, USA

Ashbel.T. Wall, JD
Rhode Island Department of Corrections
Cranston, RI, USA

Rebecca J Winter, MPH
Burnet Institute
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Sarah Yancey, MPH, MPS
Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences
Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
New Orleans, LA, USA