Deterioration and Protection of Sustainable Biomaterials

Edited by Tor. P. Schultz, Barry Goodell, and Darrel D. Nicholas

ACS Symposium Series

A contributed volume that addresses scientific and practical aspects of biodeterioration and protection of lignocellulose materials.

Deterioration and Protection of Sustainable Biomaterials

Edited by Tor. P. Schultz, Barry Goodell, and Darrel D. Nicholas

Description

Wood and other structural lignocellulose biomaterials are renewable resources that provide sustainable products that require considerably less energy to manufacture into useable products than other alternatives produced from nonrenewable resources. However, these materials are readily biodegradable and as such must be protected if they are to be used in adverse environments. Consequently, their protection through chemical and nonchemical means plays a vital role in the satisfactory utilization of many products.
This publication represents the third ACS book by the three co-editors in a series addressing scientific and practical aspects of biodeterioration and protection of lignocellulose materials. The objective of this third book diverges to some extent from the prior texts,
in that it provides an overall view of our current understanding of the microbial and thermal degradation of plant biomass along with new developments in the rapidly changing field of wood protection. The latter is particularly important in light of dramatic changes in copper-based wood preservative systems that are used extensively to treat wood for residential construction, and in the commercial development of lignocellulose modification processes that protect bio-based materials without the addition of biocides. These changes, along with an update on new organic wood preservative systems, factors influencing wood biodeterioration above ground and in soil contact, wood treatment processes, registration and approval processes, applications of molecular biology in wood protection research, and the conversion of biomass into high value carbon products and worldwide trends in wood protection, are covered in this latest ACS book.
The individual chapters were authored by a world-class group of academic and industrial scientists in order to provide a state-of-the-art review and global perspective of this rapidly changing field and reviewed by internationally recognized scientists.

Deterioration and Protection of Sustainable Biomaterials

Edited by Tor. P. Schultz, Barry Goodell, and Darrel D. Nicholas

ACS Symposium Series

Preface .............................................................................................................................. xi
Agents of Deterioration
1. Current Understanding of Brown-Rot Fungal Biodegradation Mechanisms:
A Review ................................................................................................................... 3
Valdeir Arantes and Barry Goodell
2. Fungal and Bacterial Biodegradation: White Rots, Brown Rots, Soft Rots,
and Bacteria ............................................................................................................ 23
Geoffrey Daniel
3. Omics and the Future of Sustainable Biomaterials ............................................ 59
Juliet D. Tang and Susan V. Diehl
4. Genetic Identification of Fungi Involved in Wood Decay ................................... 81
Grant T. Kirker
5. Evolution of Fungal Wood Decay ......................................................................... 93
Daniel C. Eastwood
6. Above Ground Deterioration of Wood and Wood-Based Materials ............... 113
Grant Kirker and Jerrold Winandy
7. Wood Deterioration: Ground Contact Hazards ............................................... 131
Robin Wakeling and Paul Morris
8. Thermal Degradation and Conversion of Plant Biomass into High Value
Carbon Products .................................................................................................. 147
Xinfeng Xie and Barry Goodell
9. Termites and Timber ........................................................................................... 159
Don Ewart and Laurie J. Cookson
Biocides
10. Fungicides and Insecticides Used in Wood Preservation ................................. 185
Rod Stirling and Ali Temiz
11. Treatment Technologies: Past and Future ......................................................... 203
Adam Taylor and Jeffrey J. Morrell
12. Copper-Based Wood Preservative Systems Used for Residential
Applications in North America and Europe ...................................................... 217
Stefan Schmitt, Jun Zhang, Stephen Shields, and Tor Schultz
13. Microdistribution of Copper in Southern Pine Treated with Particulate
Wood Preservatives .............................................................................................. 227
Philip D. Evans, Hiroshi Matsunaga, Holger Averdunk, Michael Turner,
Ajay Limaye, Yutaka Kataoka, Makoto Kiguchi, and Tim J. Senden
14. Evaluating the Leaching of Biocides from Preservative-Treated Wood
Products ................................................................................................................ 239
Stan T. Lebow
15. Discussion on Prior Commercial Wood Preservation Systems That
Performed Less Well Than Expected ................................................................. 255
Tor P. Schultz, Darrel D. Nicholas, and Patti Lebow
Nonbiocidal Modification
16. Processes and Properties of Thermally Modified Wood Manufactured in
Europe ................................................................................................................... 269
H. Militz and M. Altgen
17. Wood Protection with Dimethyloldihydroxy-Ethyleneurea and Its
Derivatives ............................................................................................................ 287
Yanjun Xie, Andreas Krause, and Holger Militz
18. Acetylation of Wood ............................................................................................. 301
Roger M. Rowell and James P. Dickerson
Approval Processes
19. ICC-ES: The Alternate Path for Building Code Recognition .......................... 331
Craig R. McIntyre
20. The Development of Consensus-Based Standards for Wood
Preservatives/Protectants and Treated Wood Products ................................... 341
Colin A. McCown
Global Trends
21. Wood Protection Trends in North America ....................................................... 351
Tor P. Schultz, Darrel D. Nicholas, and Alan F. Preston
22. Preservation of Wood and Other Sustainable Biomaterials in China ............. 363
Jinzhen Cao and Xiao Jiang
Editors' Biographies .................................................................................................... 385
Indexes
Author Index ................................................................................................................ 389
Subject Index ................................................................................................................ 391

Deterioration and Protection of Sustainable Biomaterials

Edited by Tor. P. Schultz, Barry Goodell, and Darrel D. Nicholas

ACS Symposium Series

Author Information

Edited by Tor. P. Schultz, Edited by Barry Goodell, and Edited by Darrel D. Nicholas

Darrel D. Nicholas is affiliated with Mississippi State University. Barry Goodell is Affiliated with Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Tor P. Schultz is affiliated with Silvaware, Inc.