James Dodgen 1921-2010 ............................................................................................... ix
Chester Grelecki 1927-2007 ........................................................................................... xi
Preface ............................................................................................................................ xiii
1. The Adiabatic Mononitrobenzene Process from the Bench Scale in 1974 to
a Total World Capacity Approaching 10 Million MTPY in 2012 ........................ 1
Alfred Guenkel
2. Effect of Reaction Conditions on the Formation of Byproducts in the
Adiabatic Mononitration of Benzene into Mononitrobenzene (MNB) ............. 13
Sergio Berretta and Brian Louie
3. Adiabatic Nitration for Mononitrotoluene (MNT) Production ......................... 27
M. Gattrell and B. Louie
4. Nitrophenolic By-Products Quantification in the Continuous Benzene
Nitration Process .................................................................................................... 49
Tiago J. G. Costa, Anabela G. Nogueira, Dulce C. M. Silva, Alejandro F. G. Ribeiro,
and Cristina M. S. G. Baptista
5. Improved Processes for the Recovery of Nitric and Sulfuric Acids from
Nitration Plants ...................................................................................................... 61
Manfred Pertler, Gottfried Dichtl, Ulrich Walter, Theo Hessenius, and
Joachim Korbach
6. Nitration Technology for Aromatics As Described in the Patent Literature .... 71
Johannes Duehr
7. Advances in Water Treatment of Effluents fromMononitrobenzene (MNB)
Production Facilities .............................................................................................. 83
Steven Buchi, Sergio Berretta, and Tony Boyd
8. Incorporation of Oxidation Enhancement through Hydrogen Peroxide
Addition into a Tested Mass Transfer/Reaction Model for an Industrial
NOx Absorption Process ....................................................................................... 95
Kyle G. Loutet, Andres Mahecha-Botero, Tony Boyd, Steven Buchi, and
Clive M. H. Brereton
9. Bench-Scale and Pilot Plant Nitration Experiments--Practical
Considerations ...................................................................................................... 107
Evan Hobenshield
10. Assessment of Chemical Reactivity Hazards for Nitration Reactions and
Decomposition of Nitro-Compounds .................................................................. 121
Robert W. Trebilcock and Seshu Dharmavaram
11. Safety Instrumented Systems for Process Safety .............................................. 141
Subodh Medhekar
12. Lessons Learned from an Explosion in an Ammonium Nitrate
Neutralizer ............................................................................................................ 171
Roland Huet and Lawrence E. Eiselstein
13. Process Design and Operational Controls To Safeguard Strong Nitric Acid
Recovery Systems ................................................................................................. 185
Thomas L. Guggenheim, Roy R. Odle, and John Pace
14. Solubility, Equilibrium, Behavior, and Analytical Characterization of
Tetranitromethane, Trinitromethane, Methyl Amine, and Ammonia in a
Nitration Facility .................................................................................................. 203
Roy R. Odle, Thomas L. Guggenheim, and L. Mark DeLong
15. Redesign for Safe Operation of a Nitric Acid Recovery Unit .......................... 229
John Pace and Colin Evans
16. Materials Challenges in Strong Nitric and Sulfuric Acid Service ................... 245
L. Mark L. Delong
Editor's Biography ....................................................................................................... 255
Indexes
Author Index ................................................................................................................ 259
Subject Index ................................................................................................................ 261