Introduction
A. How We Think About Equal Opportunity
B. Opportunity Pluralism
C. Implications of the Theory
Chapter I: Equal Opportunity and Its Problems
I.A. Conceptions of Equal Opportunity
I.A.1. Rawlsian Equal Opportunity & Starting Gate Theories
I.A.2. Tests, Bias, and "Formal-Plus"
I.A.3. Luck Egalitarianism and Natural Talents
I.A.4. Talent, Luck, and Dworkin
I.B. Beyond Distributive Justice: Opportunities and Flourishing
I.C. Four Problems for Equal Opportunity
I.C.1. The Problem of the Family
i. Parental Advantages
ii. Mitigation and Compensation
iii. Families and the Principle of Fair Life Chances
I.C.2. The Problem of Merit
i. An Admissions Example
ii. Merit for Luck Egalitarians
iii. Roemer's EOp Proposal and the Limits of Merit
iv. Merit and Self
I.C.3. The Problem of the Starting Gate
i. Limits of the Ex Ante Perspective
ii. Compounded Advantage and the Concatenation of Opportunities
iii. Focus on the Youngest?
iv. Them That's Got Shall Get
I.C.4. The Problem of Individuality
i. Schaar's Nightmare and Nozick's Dream
ii. Toward A Different Kind of Equal Opportunity
Chapter II: Opportunities and Human Development
II.A. Natural Difference in Political Theory
II.B. Intrinsic Differences, Nature, and Nurture
II.B.1. Intrinsic Difference Claims
II.B.2. Models of Nature and Nurture
II.B.3. Not Even Separate
II.C. The Trouble with "Normal"
II.C.1. There Is No "Normal"
II.C.2. The Flynn Effect: An Object Lesson in the Role of Environment
II.D. An Iterative Model of Human Development
II.D.1. Developing Capacities
II.D.2. Interaction with Family and Society
II.D.3. Interaction With the World of Employment
II.E. The Trouble With "Equal"
II.E.1. A Simple Equalization Problem
II.E.2. What if We Don't All Have the Same Goal?
II.E.3. The Endogeneity of Preferences and Goals
II.E.4. Essential Developmental Opportunities
Chapter III: Opportunity Pluralism
III.A. Unitary and Pluralistic Opportunity Structures
III.A.1 Individuality and Pluralism
III.A.2 Positional Goods and Competitive Roles
III.A.3. The Anti-Bottleneck Principle
III.A.4. Who Controls The Opportunity Structure?
III.B. The Dynamics of Bottlenecks
III.B.1. Types of Bottlenecks
III.B.2. Legitimate Versus Arbitrary Bottlenecks
III.B.3. Severity of Bottlenecks
III.B.4. How Many People Are Affected By This Bottleneck?
III.B.5. What To Do About Bottlenecks
III.B.6. Bottlenecks and the Content of Jobs
III.B.7. Situating Bottlenecks Within the Opportunity Structure as a Whole
III.B.8. Bottlenecks, Efficiency, and Human Capital
III.B.9. Potential Benefits of Bottlenecks
III.C. Flourishing, Perfectionism, and Priority
III.C.1. Equal Opportunity Without a Common Scale
III.C.2. Thin Perfectionism and Autonomy
Chapter IV: Applications
IV.A. Class as Bottleneck
IV.A.1. Fear of Downward Mobility: A Parable About How Inequality Matters
IV.A.2. College as Bottleneck
IV.A.3. Segregation and Integration: A Story of Networks and Norms
IV.B. Freedom and Flexibility in the World of Work
IV.B.1. Flexibility, Job Lock, and Entrepreneurialism
IV.B.2. Workplace Flexibility and Gender Bottlenecks
IV.C. Bottlenecks and Antidiscrimination Law
IV.C.1 Some Cutting-Edge Statutes and Their Implications
IV.C.2. Whom Should Antidiscrimination Law Protect?
IV.C.3. An Example: Appearance Discrimination
IV.C.4. Bottlenecks, Groups, and Individuals
IV.C.5. How Should Antidiscrimination Law Protect?
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Index

Introduction
A. How We Think About Equal Opportunity
B. Opportunity Pluralism
C. Implications of the Theory
Chapter I: Equal Opportunity and Its Problems
I.A. Conceptions of Equal Opportunity
I.A.1. Rawlsian Equal Opportunity & Starting Gate Theories
I.A.2. Tests, Bias, and "Formal-Plus"
I.A.3. Luck Egalitarianism and Natural Talents
I.A.4. Talent, Luck, and Dworkin
I.B. Beyond Distributive Justice: Opportunities and Flourishing
I.C. Four Problems for Equal Opportunity
I.C.1. The Problem of the Family
i. Parental Advantages
ii. Mitigation and Compensation
iii. Families and the Principle of Fair Life Chances
I.C.2. The Problem of Merit
i. An Admissions Example
ii. Merit for Luck Egalitarians
iii. Roemer's EOp Proposal and the Limits of Merit
iv. Merit and Self
I.C.3. The Problem of the Starting Gate
i. Limits of the Ex Ante Perspective
ii. Compounded Advantage and the Concatenation of Opportunities
iii. Focus on the Youngest?
iv. Them That's Got Shall Get
I.C.4. The Problem of Individuality
i. Schaar's Nightmare and Nozick's Dream
ii. Toward A Different Kind of Equal Opportunity
Chapter II: Opportunities and Human Development
II.A. Natural Difference in Political Theory
II.B. Intrinsic Differences, Nature, and Nurture
II.B.1. Intrinsic Difference Claims
II.B.2. Models of Nature and Nurture
II.B.3. Not Even Separate
II.C. The Trouble with "Normal"
II.C.1. There Is No "Normal"
II.C.2. The Flynn Effect: An Object Lesson in the Role of Environment
II.D. An Iterative Model of Human Development
II.D.1. Developing Capacities
II.D.2. Interaction with Family and Society
II.D.3. Interaction With the World of Employment
II.E. The Trouble With "Equal"
II.E.1. A Simple Equalization Problem
II.E.2. What if We Don't All Have the Same Goal?
II.E.3. The Endogeneity of Preferences and Goals
II.E.4. Essential Developmental Opportunities
Chapter III: Opportunity Pluralism
III.A. Unitary and Pluralistic Opportunity Structures
III.A.1 Individuality and Pluralism
III.A.2 Positional Goods and Competitive Roles
III.A.3. The Anti-Bottleneck Principle
III.A.4. Who Controls The Opportunity Structure?
III.B. The Dynamics of Bottlenecks
III.B.1. Types of Bottlenecks
III.B.2. Legitimate Versus Arbitrary Bottlenecks
III.B.3. Severity of Bottlenecks
III.B.4. How Many People Are Affected By This Bottleneck?
III.B.5. What To Do About Bottlenecks
III.B.6. Bottlenecks and the Content of Jobs
III.B.7. Situating Bottlenecks Within the Opportunity Structure as a Whole
III.B.8. Bottlenecks, Efficiency, and Human Capital
III.B.9. Potential Benefits of Bottlenecks
III.C. Flourishing, Perfectionism, and Priority
III.C.1. Equal Opportunity Without a Common Scale
III.C.2. Thin Perfectionism and Autonomy
Chapter IV: Applications
IV.A. Class as Bottleneck
IV.A.1. Fear of Downward Mobility: A Parable About How Inequality Matters
IV.A.2. College as Bottleneck
IV.A.3. Segregation and Integration: A Story of Networks and Norms
IV.B. Freedom and Flexibility in the World of Work
IV.B.1. Flexibility, Job Lock, and Entrepreneurialism
IV.B.2. Workplace Flexibility and Gender Bottlenecks
IV.C. Bottlenecks and Antidiscrimination Law
IV.C.1 Some Cutting-Edge Statutes and Their Implications
IV.C.2. Whom Should Antidiscrimination Law Protect?
IV.C.3. An Example: Appearance Discrimination
IV.C.4. Bottlenecks, Groups, and Individuals
IV.C.5. How Should Antidiscrimination Law Protect?
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Index