A Decade of HAART

The Development and Global Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Edited by José M Zuniga, Alan Whiteside, Amin Ghaziani, and John G Bartlett

Charts the clinical history of HIV from 1981 to the present day, showing how it has become a disease affecting 42 million people globally, over the course of 25 years
Details the evolution of HIV treatment from monotherapy to combination highly active antiretroviral therapy, showing how trial and error ushered in the modern HAART era
Discusses the economic, social and public policy impacts of both HIV and the introduction of HAART
Covers issues such as stigma and discrimination and the cost of fighting the disease
Predicts future challenges to the introduction of HAART globally, and looks at what long-term HAART might mean to the quality of life of those on treatment

A Decade of HAART

The Development and Global Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Edited by José M Zuniga, Alan Whiteside, Amin Ghaziani, and John G Bartlett

Description

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is a therapeutic intervention developed by clinicians and researchers in order to fight the HIV pandemic. It has contributed to a significant reduction in AIDS-related mortality and allowed many previously bed-ridden patients to live healthier, more productive lives. Until the advent of HAART in 1996, a diagnosis of HIV infection was considered a death sentence. A decade later, the disease has been transformed into a serious, yet potentially manageable, medical condition for thousands of people living with HIV/AIDS in the developed world - almost overnight creating a generation of "HIV Survivors" - and forged a global movement to ensure that its Lazarus-like benefit reaches millions more in the developing world.

This book reviews the achievements of HAART over the past decade, and explores the challenges that may arise in the future. It recounts key landmarks in the development and introduction of HAART from the perspective of clinicians, researchers, economists, sociologists, and public policy experts, including the co-discoverers of HIV, Luc Montagnier and Robert Gallo. It explores the evolution of the disease, the evolution of HIV treatment, and the economic, social, and public policy impacts of both HIV and the introduction of HAART.

A Decade of HAART

The Development and Global Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Edited by José M Zuniga, Alan Whiteside, Amin Ghaziani, and John G Bartlett

Foreword, Luc Montagnier & Robert Gallo
1. Introduction, José M Zuniga, Alan Whiteside, Amin Ghaziani & John G Bartlett
A Decade of HAART: Trials, Tribulations, and Successes
2. A world ravaged by a disease without HAART, José M Zuniga & Amin Ghaziani
3. Turning the world on its ear: defining milestones on the road to HAART, Michel D Kazatchkine & Lieve Fransen
4. Outcome and impact of 10 years of HAART, Eduard J Beck & Rochelle P Walensky
5. Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy in HIV-infected children: a decade later, Arry Dieudonne, James A McIntyre, Federica Freginese, Carla Giaqutinto & James M Oleske
HAART in High Human Development Countries
6. Country review: Australia, Kathleen Glenday, Kathy Petoumenos, Matthew G Law & David A Cooper
7. Country review: Chile, Marcelo J Wolff
8. Country review: Germany, Eva Wolf & Hans Jaeger
9. Country review: Italy, Renato Maserati
10. Country review: United States of America, Renslow Sherer
11. The HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, Frank J Palella Jr, Anne C Moorman, John T Brooks; John Phair, Lisa Jacobson, Roger Detels, Joseph Margolick & Charles Rinaldo
12. The French Hospital Database on HIV (FHDH) ANRS CO.4, Dominique Costagliola
13. EuroSIDA: A prospective observational study of chronic HIV infection 13-1 Across the European continent, Jens D Lundgren, Ole Kirk & Amanda Mocroft
14. The Swiss HIV Cohort (SHCS), Huldrych F Günthard & Bernard Hirschel
15. The OPTIMA Cohort, Mark Holodniy
HAART in Medium Human Development Countries
16. Country review: Brazil, Celso Ferreira Ramos-Filho & Cledy Eliana dos Santos
17. Country review: China, Zhang Fu-Jie, Ray Y Chen, Selina N Lo and Ma Ye
18. Country review: South Africa, Robin Wood & Des Martin
19. Country review: Thailand, Praphan Phanuphak, Sanchai Chasombat & Jintanat Ananworanich
20. Cohort studies in Brazil: Projet Praça Onze, Mauro Schechter & Suely Hiromi Tuboi
21. The HIV Netherlands-Australia-Thailand research collaboration (HIVNAT), Kiat Ruxrungtham
HAART in Low Human Development Countries
22. Country review: Haiti, Serena Koenig, Julia Carney, Peter Bendix & Jean William Pape
23. Country review: Malawi, Erik J Schouten, Simon D Makombe, Anthony D Harries & Kelita Kamoto
24. Country review: Senegal, Papa Salif Sow
25. Country review: Zambia, Moses Sinkala & Benjamin H Chi
Future Challenges in the Next Decade of HAART
26. Clinical challenges of lifetime HAART, Roger Paredes, Renslow Sherer & Bonaventura Clotet
27. Maintaining and developing health systems to sustain HAART, Stephanie Nixon & Nina Veenstra
28. Redefining HIV/AIDS care delivery in the face of human resource scarcity, Mario Roberto Dal Poz, Norbert Dreesch & Dingie van Rensburg
29. Conclusion: closing the gap - one world, one standard, Peter Piot, Julian Fleet & Siddharth Dube

A Decade of HAART

The Development and Global Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Edited by José M Zuniga, Alan Whiteside, Amin Ghaziani, and John G Bartlett

Author Information

Contributors:

Jintanat Ananworanich, South-East Asia Research Collaboration with Hawaii (SEARCH), Bangkok, Thailand
John G Bartlett, Professor, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
Eduard J Beck, Senior Technical Officer, Evaluation Department (EVA), UNAIDS, Geneva, Switzerland
Peter Bendix, GHESKIO Center, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
John T Brooks, National Center for HIV/STD and TB Prevention (NCHSTP), CDC, Atlanta, USA
Julia Carney, Research Assistant, Division of Social Medicine and Health Inequalities, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
Sanchai Chasombat, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
Ray Y Chen, Medical Officer, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Beijing, China
Benjamin H Chi, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
Bonaventura Clotet. Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
David A Cooper, Director, National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Australia
Dominique Costagliola, INSERM, Paris, France
Mario Roberto Dal Poz, Department of Human Resources for Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Roger Detels, UCLA School of Public Health, Dept. of Epidemiology, Los Angeles, USA
Arry Dieudonne, School of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, USA
Cledy Eliana dos Santos, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Norbert Dreesch, Technical Officer, Department of Human Resources for Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Siddharth Dube, UNAIDS, Geneva, Switzerland
Julian Fleet, UNAIDS, Geneva, Switzerland
Lieve Fransen, Head of Unit in the Directorate-General for Development, European Commission, and Vice-Chair of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculoses and Malaria, Brussels, Belgium
Federica Fregonese, Paediatrics Clinical Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Padova, Italy
Robert Gallo, Director, Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, USA
Amin Ghaziani, Cotsen Postdoctoral Fellow, Society of Fellows, Princeton University
Carlo Giaquinto, University of Pavia, Italy
Kathleen Glenday, National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Australia
Huldrych F Günthard, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
Anthony D Harries, Technical Assistant, HIV Unit, Ministry of Health, Malawi; Senior Technical Assistant, Family Health International; and Honorary Professor, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
Bernard Hirschel, Associate Professor of Medicine, Geneva University Medical School, Switzerland
Mark Holodniy, Professor of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs and Division of Infectious Diseases & Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
Lisa Jacobson, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
Hans Jaeger, KIS - Curatorium for Immunodificiency, Munich, Germany
Kelita Kamoto, HIV Unit, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
Michel D Kazatchkine, Ambassador for HIV/AIDS and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Paris, France
Ole Kirk, EuroSIDA Coordinating Centre, HIV Program, Copenhagen, Denmark
Serena Koenig, Division of Social Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
Matthew G Law, National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Australia
Selina N Lo, Clinical Advisor, Clinton HIV/AIDS Initiative China, Chinese CDC, Beijing, China
Jens D Lundgren, Copenhagen HIV Programme, Hvidovre University Hospital, Denmark
Ma Ye, National HIV/STD Control and Prevention, China
Simon D Makombe, HIV Unit, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
Joseph Margolick, John Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
Des Martin, Specialist, Clinical Virology, Kimera Solutions, Edenvale, South Africa
Renato Maserati, HIV/AIDS Outpatient Clinic, Infectious Diseases Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
James A McIntyre, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Amanda Mocroft, EuroSIDA Statistical Centre, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
Luc Montagnier, Director, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
Anne C Moorman, National Center for HIV/STD and TB Prevention (NCHSTP), CDC, Atlanta, USA
Stephanie Nixon, Health Economics and HIV/AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
James M Oleske, School of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, USA
Frank J Palella Jr, Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
Jean William Pape, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, GHESKIO Center, Haiti
Roger Paredes, Partners AIDS Research Center, Cambridge, USA
Kathy Petoumenos, National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Australia
John Phair, Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
Praphan Phanuphak, Director, Thai Red Cross Programme on AIDS, Bangkok, Thailand
Peter Piot, Director General, UNAIDS, Geneva, Switzerland
Celso Ferreira Ramos-Filho, Associate Professor, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Charles Rinaldo, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, USA
Kiat Ruxrungtham, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkom University, Bangkok, Thailand
Mauro Schechter, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Erik J Schouten, HIV Coordinator, Ministry of Health, Malawi
Renslow Sherer, Infectious Diseases, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, USA
Moses Sinkala, Catholic Medical Missions Board, Lusaka, Zambia
Papa Salif Sow, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Dakar Fann Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
Suely Hiromi Tuboi, Epidemiologist, Projeto Praça Onze, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Dingie van Rensberg, Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
Nina Veenstra, Senior Research Fellow, Health Economics and HIV/AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Rochelle P Walensky, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
Alan Whiteside, Director, Health Economics and HIV/AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Eva Wolf, MUC Research GmbH, Munich, Germany
Marcelo J Wolff, University of Chile School of Medicine, Fundacion Arriaran, Santiago, Chile
Robin Wood, Principal Investigator, The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
Zhang Fu-Jie, Director, Treatment and Care Division, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
José M Zuniga, President and CEO, International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (IAPAC), Chicago, USA

A Decade of HAART

The Development and Global Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Edited by José M Zuniga, Alan Whiteside, Amin Ghaziani, and John G Bartlett

Reviews and Awards

"...this book provides a fascinating and accessible account of the first decade of HAART and of 25 years of HIV infection that will be of interest to many."--Clinical Infectious Diseases